{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998047899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380121105","title":"A costing model for software conversions","display_name":"A costing model for software conversions","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998047899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380121105","mag":"1998047899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380121105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380121105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041584109","display_name":"John R. Wolberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John R. Wolberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041584109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21303452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"1043","last_page":"1049"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inefficiency","display_name":"Inefficiency","score":0.679804265499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6507785320281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-based-costing","display_name":"Activity-based costing","score":0.6199576258659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.4965828061103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4854353070259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.41104692220687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1656731367111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1574564278125763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.15360593795776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14090141654014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.09290838241577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.07777631282806396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.679804265499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6507785320281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164624739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754331","display_name":"Activity-based costing","level":2,"score":0.6199576258659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4965828061103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4854353070259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41104692220687866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1656731367111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1574564278125763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15360593795776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14090141654014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.09290838241577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.07777631282806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380121105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380121105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540923684","https://openalex.org/W1976709569","https://openalex.org/W2070118450","https://openalex.org/W2089856939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2264067234","https://openalex.org/W3124243301","https://openalex.org/W1571502335","https://openalex.org/W1589409554","https://openalex.org/W2759038785","https://openalex.org/W2172232600","https://openalex.org/W3123876860","https://openalex.org/W3124172198","https://openalex.org/W2142633247","https://openalex.org/W2255532879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"paper":[3],"a":[4,117,147],"cost":[5,142],"model":[6,14,48,67],"for":[7,85,116],"software":[8,40,84,113],"conversion":[9,39,59,83,87,108,112,139],"projects":[10],"is":[11,15,74,101,114,121],"developed.":[12],"The":[13],"based":[16],"upon":[17],"three":[18],"variable":[19],"parameters:":[20],"L":[21],"(thousands":[22],"of":[23,25,32,58,64,94,137],"lines":[24,95],"source":[26],"code),":[27],"N":[28],"(the":[29,38],"total":[30,92],"number":[31,93],"programs":[33],"being":[34],"converted)":[35],"and":[36],"E":[37],"inefficiency).":[41],"All":[42],"other":[43],"parameters":[44],"included":[45],"in":[46,82,107,129],"the":[47,65,91,105,131,135,138,141],"are":[49],"constant":[50],"coefficients":[51],"which":[52],"can":[53],"vary":[54],"from":[55],"one":[56],"type":[57],"to":[60,96,103,123,146],"another.":[61],"An":[62],"analysis":[63],"resulting":[66],"yields":[68],"four":[69],"major":[70],"conclusions:":[71],"(1)":[72],"There":[73],"an":[75],"optimum":[76],"investment":[77,106],"that":[78],"should":[79],"be":[80,97],"made":[81],"each":[86],"project.":[88],"(2)":[89],"As":[90,134],"converted":[98],"increases,":[99],"it":[100,120],"cost\u2010effective":[102],"increase":[104],"software.":[109,132],"(3)":[110],"If":[111],"reused":[115],"second":[118],"project,":[119],"worthwhile":[122],"invest":[124],"additional":[125],"effort":[126],"(and/or":[127],"funds)":[128],"upgrading":[130],"(4)":[133],"size":[136],"increases":[140],"per":[143],"line":[144],"decreases":[145],"lower":[148],"limit.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
