{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081936421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380080307","title":"Use and misuse of SPSS","display_name":"Use and misuse of SPSS","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081936421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380080307","mag":"2081936421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380080307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380080307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026103931","display_name":"J. R. Leece","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310012087","display_name":"Royal Statistical Society","ror":"https://ror.org/05nv34q75","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310012087"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Leece","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistical Data Processing Group Computing Laboratory; University of Newcastle, Newcastte-upon-Tyne, England","University of Newcastle, Newcastte-upon-Tyne, England","Statistical Data Processing Group Computing Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Data Processing Group Computing Laboratory; University of Newcastle, Newcastte-upon-Tyne, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310012087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Newcastle, Newcastte-upon-Tyne, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Data Processing Group Computing Laboratory","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042732513","display_name":"Frank S. Parker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310012087","display_name":"Royal Statistical Society","ror":"https://ror.org/05nv34q75","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310012087"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistical Data Processing Group Computing Laboratory; University of Newcastle, Newcastte-upon-Tyne, England","The authors share equal responsibility for this research project","University of Newcastle, Newcastte-upon-Tyne, England","Statistical Data Processing Group Computing Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Data Processing Group Computing Laboratory; University of Newcastle, Newcastte-upon-Tyne, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310012087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors share equal responsibility for this research project","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Newcastle, Newcastte-upon-Tyne, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Data Processing Group Computing Laboratory","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026103931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310012087","https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78835979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"301","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7049343585968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.6730141639709473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.6449683904647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6227947473526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-consumption","display_name":"Resource consumption","score":0.5806288719177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5036436915397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.4684208631515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3285725712776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19839414954185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.19635295867919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13693523406982422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7049343585968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.6730141639709473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6449683904647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6227947473526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777480716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23582796","display_name":"Resource consumption","level":2,"score":0.5806288719177246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5036436915397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4684208631515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3285725712776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19839414954185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.19635295867919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13693523406982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380080307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380080307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499955781","https://openalex.org/W1596355603","https://openalex.org/W2096129147","https://openalex.org/W2801815325","https://openalex.org/W4249141208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618286804","https://openalex.org/W2329643025","https://openalex.org/W2002770077","https://openalex.org/W3131163342","https://openalex.org/W2092256833","https://openalex.org/W2142369114","https://openalex.org/W2361728394","https://openalex.org/W2363270200","https://openalex.org/W2362426284","https://openalex.org/W119511235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"reports":[3],"a":[4,12,23,64,108,132],"survey":[5],"of":[6,9,39,78,105,110,127,162],"the":[7,34,76,111,136,148,159,168],"use":[8],"SPSS":[10,18,42,45,57,112,163],"at":[11,52],"major":[13],"nationwide":[14],"university":[15],"computer":[16],"centre.":[17],"was":[19,28,32,58],"modified":[20],"to":[21,95,100,131,145],"output":[22],"record":[24],"each":[25,121],"time":[26],"it":[27],"used":[29,59],"reporting:":[30],"who":[31,173],"using":[33],"program;":[35],"resource":[36],"consumption;":[37],"size":[38],"data":[40],"set;":[41],"commands":[43],"used;":[44],"syntax":[46,149],"errors":[47,150],"which":[48],"occurred;":[49],"job":[50],"status":[51],"termination.":[53],"We":[54],"found":[55,140],"that":[56],"3,000\u20104,000":[60],"times":[61],"monthly":[62],"by":[63,98],"user":[65,133],"community":[66],"from":[67,143],"over":[68],"30":[69,124],"departments.":[70],"Resource":[71],"consumption":[72],"varied":[73,89],"greatly":[74,90],"but":[75,91],"majority":[77,104],"jobs":[79,128],"are":[80],"quite":[81],"small":[82],"in":[83,120,135,147,177],"our":[84],"terms.":[85],"Data":[86],"sets":[87],"also":[88],"most":[92],"were":[93],"up":[94,99],"300":[96],"cases":[97],"20":[101],"variables.":[102],"The":[103],"users":[106],"employ":[107],"subset":[109],"command":[113],"language":[114],"and":[115,138,164,170],"attempt":[116],"only":[117],"one":[118],"\u2018procedure\u2019":[119],"run.":[122],"About":[123],"per":[125],"cent":[126],"fail":[129],"due":[130],"error":[134],"syntax,":[137],"we":[139],"considerable":[141],"consistency":[142],"month":[144,146],"made.":[151],"Our":[152],"detailed":[153],"observations":[154],"have":[155],"many":[156],"implications":[157],"for":[158,167,171],"ongoing":[160],"development":[161],"its":[165],"documentation,":[166],"users,":[169],"those":[172],"teach":[174],"or":[175],"advise":[176],"SPSS.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
