{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010102173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380050406","title":"Biomac: Block structured programming using PDP\u201011 assembler language","display_name":"Biomac: Block structured programming using PDP\u201011 assembler language","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010102173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380050406","mag":"2010102173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380050406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380050406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087250478","display_name":"G. S. Herman\u2010Giddens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. S. Herman\u2010Giddens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, U.S.A","Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706 U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075128999","display_name":"Robert Warren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-1141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. B. Warren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, U.S.A","Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706 U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013174755","display_name":"R. C. Barr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. C. Barr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, U.S.A","Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706 U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052531749","display_name":"Madison S. Spach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. S. Spach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, U.S.A","Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706 U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706 U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087250478"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7778,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88125894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"359","last_page":"374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.9066357612609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8351143598556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subroutine","display_name":"Subroutine","score":0.7547024488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.7007622122764587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6873244643211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assembly-language","display_name":"Assembly language","score":0.6813148260116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fortran","display_name":"Fortran","score":0.6014353632926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"Readability","score":0.5964701175689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5851733684539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-code","display_name":"Machine code","score":0.440681517124176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-level-programming-language","display_name":"High-level programming language","score":0.43309009075164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.26291781663894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.1510958969593048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.9066357612609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8351143598556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96147967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190686","display_name":"Subroutine","level":2,"score":0.7547024488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.7007622122764587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6873244643211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50831359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165436","display_name":"Assembly language","level":3,"score":0.6813148260116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778241615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83303","display_name":"Fortran","level":2,"score":0.6014353632926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.5964701175689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5851733684539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115168132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55813","display_name":"Machine code","level":3,"score":0.440681517124176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19024347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211496","display_name":"High-level programming language","level":3,"score":0.43309009075164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.26291781663894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.1510958969593048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/spe.4380050406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380050406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971599559","https://openalex.org/W1984126155","https://openalex.org/W1985081133","https://openalex.org/W1994718921","https://openalex.org/W2005671875","https://openalex.org/W2014254623","https://openalex.org/W2027424968","https://openalex.org/W2039592357","https://openalex.org/W2145821613","https://openalex.org/W2170246366","https://openalex.org/W2792939069","https://openalex.org/W2911980423","https://openalex.org/W2989111533","https://openalex.org/W6881418615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022085614","https://openalex.org/W2498457261","https://openalex.org/W4237755862","https://openalex.org/W2135908831","https://openalex.org/W3020883269","https://openalex.org/W956882325","https://openalex.org/W2052786331","https://openalex.org/W1502051472","https://openalex.org/W2012182306","https://openalex.org/W182599288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Users":[1],"of":[2,19,60,74,79,92,119,138,148,158],"small":[3],"computers":[4],"must":[5],"often":[6],"program":[7,184],"in":[8,16,23,30,34,39,72,161,183],"assembler":[9,24,81],"language.":[10,25,82],"Macros":[11],"are":[12,28,177],"described":[13],"which":[14,40,141],"assist":[15,182],"the":[17,41,47,58,75,90,93,131,143,159],"construction":[18],"block":[20],"structured":[21,77],"programs":[22],"The":[26,66,83,99,124],"macros":[27,67,144,160,176],"used":[29],"practical":[31],"day\u2010to\u2010day":[32],"programming":[33],"a":[35,136,162],"cardiac":[36],"electrophysiology":[37],"laboratory":[38],"coarse":[42],"grained":[43],"control":[44,70,87,100,118],"provided":[45,88],"by":[46,89],"local":[48],"FORTRAN":[49],"compiler":[50],"is":[51,95,122,127,135,170],"not":[52],"sufficient":[53],"for,":[54],"and":[55,85,111,152,167,181,186],"even":[56],"hinders,":[57],"writing":[59],"clear,":[61],"easy":[62,178],"to":[63,145,179],"understand":[64],"programs.":[65],"provide":[68],"nestable":[69],"structures":[71,101],"place":[73],"less":[76],"transfers":[78],"conventional":[80],"arithmetic":[84],"input/output":[86],"architecture":[91],"machine":[94],"left":[96],"fully":[97],"available.":[98],"implemented":[102],"include":[103],"conditional":[104],"(IF,":[105],"CASE),":[106],"iteration":[107],"(WHILE,":[108],"REPEAT/UNTIL,":[109],"FOR)":[110],"subroutine":[112],"(PROC,":[113],"CALL,":[114],"etc.)":[115],"constructs.":[116],"No":[117],"variable":[120],"scope":[121],"provided.":[123],"macro":[125],"implementation":[126],"discussed":[128],"along":[129],"with":[130,156],"code":[132],"generated.":[133],"There":[134],"discussion":[137],"architectural":[139],"features":[140],"allow":[142],"be":[146],"independent":[147],"specific":[149],"register":[150],"usage":[151],"addressing":[153],"mode.":[154],"Experience":[155],"use":[157,180],"high\u2010speed,":[163],"real\u2010time":[164],"data":[165],"acquisition":[166],"display":[168],"environment":[169],"presented.":[171],"We":[172],"conclude":[173],"that":[174],"these":[175],"readability":[185],"documentation.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}