{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976459343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690221303","title":"A proposal on approximate reasoning based on revision principle and fixed value law","display_name":"A proposal on approximate reasoning based on revision principle and fixed value law","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976459343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690221303","mag":"1976459343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/scj.4690221303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690221303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100830713","display_name":"Liya Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liya Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511","Liya Ding obtained a B.E. in Computer Engineering from Shanghai University of Technology in China in 1982. She obtained a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan, in 1991. She was appointed an Associate on the research staff,Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, in 1991 and was a Visiting Scholar, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, from 1986 to 1991. Her areas of researchinterest are in intelligent languages, fuzzy theory, knowledge engineering, compiler technology,and understanding natural languages"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liya Ding obtained a B.E. in Computer Engineering from Shanghai University of Technology in China in 1982. She obtained a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan, in 1991. She was appointed an Associate on the research staff,Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, in 1991 and was a Visiting Scholar, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, from 1986 to 1991. Her areas of researchinterest are in intelligent languages, fuzzy theory, knowledge engineering, compiler technology,and understanding natural languages","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035875969","display_name":"Masao Mukaidono","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36253440","display_name":"IEEE Computer Society","ror":"https://ror.org/05nxk6n24","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36253440"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387930200","display_name":"Information Processing Society of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/02v970d04","country_code":null,"type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387930200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16656306","display_name":"Meiji University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rqvrp93","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masao Mukaidono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masao Mukaidono received a B.E., an M.E., and a Dr. of Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering from Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan, in 1965, 1968, and 1973, respectively. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meiji University. His main research interests are in multiple-valued logic, fuzzy set theory and its applications, fault-tolerant computing systems, and computer-aided logic design. Dr. Mukaidono is a member of the IEEE Computer Society; the Institute of Electronics, Information, and Communication Engineers of Japan; the Information Processing Society of Japan; and the Japan Society of Fuzzy Theory and Systems. He is a director of the Japan Society of Fuzzy Theory and Systems","School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan 214","the Institute of Electronics, Information, and Communication Engineers of Japan","the Japan Society of Fuzzy Theory and Systems. He is a director of the Japan Society of Fuzzy Theory and Systems","Masao Mukaidono received a B.E., an M.E., and a Dr. of Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering from Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan, in 1965, 1968, and 1973, respectively. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meiji University. His main research interests are in multiple-valued logic, fuzzy set theory and its applications, fault-tolerant computing systems, and computer-aided logic design. Dr. Mukaidono is a member of the IEEE Computer Society","the Information Processing Society of Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masao Mukaidono received a B.E., an M.E., and a Dr. of Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering from Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan, in 1965, 1968, and 1973, respectively. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meiji University. His main research interests are in multiple-valued logic, fuzzy set theory and its applications, fault-tolerant computing systems, and computer-aided logic design. Dr. Mukaidono is a member of the IEEE Computer Society; the Institute of Electronics, Information, and Communication Engineers of Japan; the Information Processing Society of Japan; and the Japan Society of Fuzzy Theory and Systems. He is a director of the Japan Society of Fuzzy Theory and Systems","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan 214","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Institute of Electronics, Information, and Communication Engineers of Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Japan Society of Fuzzy Theory and Systems. He is a director of the Japan Society of Fuzzy Theory and Systems","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masao Mukaidono received a B.E., an M.E., and a Dr. of Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering from Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan, in 1965, 1968, and 1973, respectively. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meiji University. His main research interests are in multiple-valued logic, fuzzy set theory and its applications, fault-tolerant computing systems, and computer-aided logic design. Dr. Mukaidono is a member of the IEEE Computer Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36253440","https://openalex.org/I16656306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Information Processing Society of Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387930200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100830713"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13671144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"13","first_page":"20","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.6355463266372681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-point","display_name":"Fixed point","score":0.6297903656959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.6125142574310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5836416482925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5120299458503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.48238053917884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universe","display_name":"Universe","score":0.46889179944992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43104735016822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3866732120513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2565539479255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.21847882866859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1636265218257904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12138029932975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.10368168354034424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6355463266372681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61445026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217608","display_name":"Fixed point","level":2,"score":0.6297903656959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6125142574310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5836416482925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5120299458503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.48238053917884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.46889179944992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43104735016822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3866732120513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2565539479255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.21847882866859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1636265218257904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12138029932975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.10368168354034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/scj.4690221303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690221303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/111202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/111202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179611734","https://openalex.org/W1604996931","https://openalex.org/W1974182274","https://openalex.org/W2049301591","https://openalex.org/W2063238431","https://openalex.org/W2100738443","https://openalex.org/W2117053569","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2317465116","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4234525129","https://openalex.org/W4240278385","https://openalex.org/W4245152641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380000090","https://openalex.org/W2374797863","https://openalex.org/W172022518","https://openalex.org/W2349308527","https://openalex.org/W1984854975","https://openalex.org/W2347909813","https://openalex.org/W2383301647","https://openalex.org/W124145845","https://openalex.org/W2502632608","https://openalex.org/W2370138308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"When":[1,67],"a":[2,7,35,82,142,194],"rule":[3],"P":[4,15,113],"Q":[5,58,180],"and":[6,43,114,125],"fact":[8],"P'":[9,64,85,115],"that":[10,145],"is":[11,25,53,71,91,100,130,139],"an":[12,26,103,187],"approximation":[13],"of":[14,63,109,112,163,189,196],"are":[16,77],"given,":[17],"how":[18],"to":[19,54,86,101,116,140,151,158,167,176],"obtain":[20,117,152],"the":[21,40,61,68,93,107,118,121,132,146,153,161,168,183,190],"conclusion":[22],"Q'":[23,56,178],"approximately":[24],"interesting":[27],"topic":[28],"on":[29,39,50,60,73,160],"approximate":[30],"reasoning.":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"proposes":[34],"new":[36],"approach":[37],"based":[38,59],"revision":[41,51,69],"principle":[42,52,70],"fixed":[44,94,133,169,191],"value":[45,134,143,170,192],"law.":[46,96,135],"The":[47,88,127],"basic":[48,98,137],"idea":[49,99,138],"deduce":[55,177],"from":[57,65,84,155,179],"deviation":[62,83,119],"P.":[66,87],"applied":[72],"fuzzy":[74],"set,":[75],"there":[76],"two":[78],"laws":[79],"for":[80],"obtaining":[81],"first":[89],"law":[90,129],"called":[92,131],"point":[95,156],"Its":[97,136],"fix":[102,141],"element":[104],"\u00d7":[105,111,157],"in":[106],"universe":[108,162],"discourse":[110,164],"between":[120],"membership":[122,147,184],"functions":[123,148],"m\u0308p(x)":[124],"m\u0308p(x).":[126],"second":[128],"such":[144],"m\u0308p(x)=":[149],"m\u0308p(x')":[150],"shift":[154],"x'":[159],"X.":[165],"According":[166],"law,":[171,193],"it":[172],"will":[173,200],"become":[174],"possible":[175],"by":[181],"shifting":[182],"function.":[185],"As":[186],"example":[188],"set":[195],"linear":[197],"revising":[198],"formulas":[199],"be":[201],"given.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}