{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976606140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690220405","title":"The generative power of multiple context\u2010free grammars and head grammars","display_name":"The generative power of multiple context\u2010free grammars and head grammars","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976606140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690220405","mag":"1976606140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/scj.4690220405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690220405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032991133","display_name":"Takashi Matsumura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5817-8819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Matsumura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018228908","display_name":"Hiroyuki Seki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-7507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Seki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102352814","display_name":"Mamoru Fujii","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoru Fujii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108359594","display_name":"Tadao Kasami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadao Kasami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032991133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09860759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"41","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-adjoining-grammar","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","score":0.8910826444625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indexed-grammar","display_name":"Indexed grammar","score":0.8356745839118958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.7154905796051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-sensitive-grammar","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","score":0.710295557975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corollary","display_name":"Corollary","score":0.5932924151420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5661724209785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.5497128367424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.4952363073825836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4693770408630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.46155428886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substitution","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","score":0.45675593614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase-structure-grammar","display_name":"Phrase structure grammar","score":0.4546109437942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4261574149131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.422634482383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.35569798946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.31830430030822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30530986189842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.05432474613189697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134083981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754022","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","level":4,"score":0.8910826444625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79243999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6590011","display_name":"Indexed grammar","level":5,"score":0.8356745839118958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7154905796051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125950753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908674","display_name":"Context-sensitive grammar","level":4,"score":0.710295557975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780012671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1343870","display_name":"Corollary","level":2,"score":0.5932924151420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5661724209785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.5497128367424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4952363073825836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4693770408630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.46155428886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.45675593614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29184939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134367","display_name":"Phrase structure grammar","level":4,"score":0.4546109437942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4261574149131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.422634482383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35569798946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.31830430030822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30530986189842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.05432474613189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/scj.4690220405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690220405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W635073927","https://openalex.org/W1538169703","https://openalex.org/W2013724579","https://openalex.org/W2017315323","https://openalex.org/W2026015239","https://openalex.org/W2121924470","https://openalex.org/W2130035786","https://openalex.org/W2130630493","https://openalex.org/W2153198088","https://openalex.org/W2403874525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2403874525","https://openalex.org/W37677999","https://openalex.org/W2153803459","https://openalex.org/W1608157979","https://openalex.org/W1970209336","https://openalex.org/W2067980891","https://openalex.org/W1255264663","https://openalex.org/W2792956200","https://openalex.org/W1998938240","https://openalex.org/W2143932650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Multiple":[1],"context\u2010free":[2,13],"grammars":[3,7,14,56],"(mcfg's)":[4],"and":[5,33],"head":[6],"(hg's)":[8],"are":[9,35],"subclasses":[10],"of":[11,22,31,41,81,99,104],"generalized":[12],"introduced":[15,57],"by":[16,44,52,58,70,92],"Pollard":[17],"to":[18],"describe":[19],"the":[20,28,38,47,53,65,89],"syntax":[21],"natural":[23],"languages.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"following":[29],"properties":[30],"mcfg's":[32],"hg's":[34,45,72],"shown:":[36],"(1)":[37],"class":[39],"HL":[40,63,84,111],"languages":[42],"generated":[43,51,69,91],"is":[46,64,77,85,95,107,112],"same":[48,66],"as":[49,67],"that":[50,68,110],"tree":[54],"adjoining":[55],"Joshi":[59],"et":[60],"al.;":[61],"(2)":[62],"left\u2010wrapping":[71],"(or":[73],"right\u2010wrapping":[74],"hg's)":[75],"which":[76,94],"a":[78,96,102,113],"proper":[79,97],"subclass":[80,98],"hg's;":[82],"(3)":[83],"properly":[86],"included":[87],"in":[88],"one":[90],"2\u2010mcfg's,":[93],"mcfg's.":[100],"As":[101],"corollary":[103],"(1),":[105],"it":[106],"also":[108],"shown":[109],"substitution":[114],"closed":[115],"full":[116],"AFL.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
