{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033112184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690211210","title":"Phoneme segmentation expert system using spectrogram reading knowledge","display_name":"Phoneme segmentation expert system using spectrogram reading knowledge","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033112184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690211210","mag":"2033112184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/scj.4690211210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690211210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020724441","display_name":"Kaichiro Hatazaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104143","display_name":"Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International","ror":"https://ror.org/01pe1d703","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104143"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaichiro Hatazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATR Interpreting Telephony Research Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan 619\u201302","Presently with NEC Corporation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATR Interpreting Telephony Research Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan 619\u201302","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Presently with NEC Corporation","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048447624","display_name":"Yasuhiro Komori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1962-7068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104143","display_name":"Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International","ror":"https://ror.org/01pe1d703","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104143"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiro Komori","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATR Interpreting Telephony Research Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan 619\u201302"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATR Interpreting Telephony Research Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan 619\u201302","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001281803","display_name":"Takeshi Kawabata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0032-9688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104143","display_name":"Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International","ror":"https://ror.org/01pe1d703","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104143"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Kawabata","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATR Interpreting Telephony Research Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan 619\u201302"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATR Interpreting Telephony Research Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan 619\u201302","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021868389","display_name":"Kiyohiro Shikano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104143","display_name":"Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International","ror":"https://ror.org/01pe1d703","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104143"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiyohiro Shikano","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATR Interpreting Telephony Research Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan 619\u201302"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATR Interpreting Telephony Research Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan 619\u201302","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020724441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104143"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14673346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"12","first_page":"90","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrogram","display_name":"Spectrogram","score":0.8951148390769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coarticulation","display_name":"Coarticulation","score":0.8417491912841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7709417343139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6689680814743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.5982590317726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5887344479560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5601156949996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49042627215385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4554568827152252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.43161740899086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42599090933799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40747153759002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3343461751937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07316485047340393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.8951148390769958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130727458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639109","display_name":"Coarticulation","level":3,"score":0.8417491912841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7709417343139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6689680814743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.5982590317726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5887344479560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5601156949996948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49042627215385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4554568827152252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.43161740899086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42599090933799744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40747153759002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3343461751937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07316485047340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/scj.4690211210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690211210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46563474","https://openalex.org/W1518833632","https://openalex.org/W1670129776","https://openalex.org/W1878581552","https://openalex.org/W2076377893","https://openalex.org/W2144761253","https://openalex.org/W2147096558","https://openalex.org/W2903034921","https://openalex.org/W4211007335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990278625","https://openalex.org/W1993499045","https://openalex.org/W1604595447","https://openalex.org/W4200613756","https://openalex.org/W2983489261","https://openalex.org/W2988239832","https://openalex.org/W2075885261","https://openalex.org/W2174601236","https://openalex.org/W3036714870","https://openalex.org/W2147978301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"human":[2,32,62,105,175],"expert":[3,27,33,42,63,91],"is":[4,68,137,167],"able":[5],"to":[6,61,93,112,121],"determine":[7],"phoneme":[8,25,53,59,84,96,115,130,157],"boundaries":[9,54,158],"through":[10],"spectrogram":[11,34,50,128],"reading":[12,35],"with":[13,55,75,114],"high":[14],"accuracy":[15],"using":[16,37],"one's":[17],"knowledge":[18,38,64,99,135],"and":[19,39,51,65,78,100,120],"strategy.":[20,40],"The":[21],"authors":[22],"developed":[23],"a":[24,31,47,104,127,174],"segmentation":[26,134],"system":[28,43,92,141,162],"which":[29,67,142,166],"simulates":[30],"process":[36],"This":[41,107],"detects":[44],"phonemes":[45,148],"from":[46],"continuous":[48],"speech":[49],"determines":[52],"their":[56],"coarsely":[57],"classified":[58],"according":[60],"strategy":[66,101],"described":[69],"as":[70,168,170],"rules.":[71],"An":[72],"assumption\u2010based":[73],"inference":[74],"certainty":[76],"factors":[77],"top\u2010down":[79],"acoustic":[80,124],"feature":[81],"extraction":[82],"under":[83],"context":[85],"hypotheses":[86],"are":[87],"incorporated":[88,138],"into":[89,139],"the":[90,95,140,147,152,161],"simulate":[94],"contextual":[97],"fuzzy":[98],"used":[102],"by":[103,118,160,173],"expert.":[106,176],"framework":[108],"makes":[109],"it":[110],"possible":[111],"deal":[113],"variations":[116],"caused":[117],"coarticulation,":[119],"extract":[122],"accurate":[123,169],"features":[125],"on":[126],"for":[129],"segmentation.":[131],"Japanese":[132],"consonant":[133],"currently":[136],"detected":[143,159,172],"90.8":[144],"percent":[145],"of":[146,156],"correctly.":[149],"In":[150],"particular,":[151],"average":[153],"alignment":[154],"error":[155],"was":[163],"5.8":[164],"ms,":[165],"those":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}