{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971400715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690190303","title":"An efficient reasoning method for syllogism and its application to knowledge processing","display_name":"An efficient reasoning method for syllogism and its application to knowledge processing","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971400715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690190303","mag":"1971400715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/scj.4690190303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690190303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019242250","display_name":"Kenichi Morita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-0539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78826914","display_name":"Moscow State Linguistic University","ror":"https://ror.org/020z26690","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78826914"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP","RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenichi Morita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560","Kenichi Morita graduated 1971 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Fac. Eng. Sci., Osaka Univ. Completed Master's program 1973 Grad. School. Research Assistant 1974 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Osaka Univ. Associate Professor 1987 Dept. Inf. Eng., Fac. Eng., Yamagata Univ. Engaged in research in theory of automaton, theory of computational complexity, theory of formal language and logical representation of knowledge. Doctor of Eng. Member, Inf. Proc. SOC. Jap. LA (languages and Automata) Symp.; Math. Linguistic SOC. Jap., and ACL","Kenichi Morita graduated 1971 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Fac. Eng. Sci., Osaka Univ. Completed Master's program 1973 Grad. School. Research Assistant 1974 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Osaka Univ. Associate Professor 1987 Dept. Inf. Eng., Fac. Eng., Yamagata Univ. Engaged in research in theory of automaton, theory of computational complexity, theory of formal language and logical representation of knowledge. Doctor of Eng. Member, Inf. Proc. SOC. Jap. LA (languages and Automata) Symp","Math. Linguistic SOC. Jap., and ACL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenichi Morita graduated 1971 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Fac. Eng. Sci., Osaka Univ. Completed Master's program 1973 Grad. School. Research Assistant 1974 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Osaka Univ. Associate Professor 1987 Dept. Inf. Eng., Fac. Eng., Yamagata Univ. Engaged in research in theory of automaton, theory of computational complexity, theory of formal language and logical representation of knowledge. Doctor of Eng. Member, Inf. Proc. SOC. Jap. LA (languages and Automata) Symp.; Math. Linguistic SOC. Jap., and ACL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kenichi Morita graduated 1971 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Fac. Eng. Sci., Osaka Univ. Completed Master's program 1973 Grad. School. Research Assistant 1974 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Osaka Univ. Associate Professor 1987 Dept. Inf. Eng., Fac. Eng., Yamagata Univ. Engaged in research in theory of automaton, theory of computational complexity, theory of formal language and logical representation of knowledge. Doctor of Eng. Member, Inf. Proc. SOC. Jap. LA (languages and Automata) Symp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Math. Linguistic SOC. Jap., and ACL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78826914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047928243","display_name":"Noritaka Nishihara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noritaka Nishihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560","Noritaka Nishihara graduated 1982 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Fac. Eng. Sci., Osaka Univ. Completed Master's program 1984 Grad. School. Presently, grad. student for doctoral degree. Engaged in researches in natural language processing and logic for knowledge-base processing. Member Inf. Proc. SOC. Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noritaka Nishihara graduated 1982 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Fac. Eng. Sci., Osaka Univ. Completed Master's program 1984 Grad. School. Presently, grad. student for doctoral degree. Engaged in researches in natural language processing and logic for knowledge-base processing. Member Inf. Proc. SOC. Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002588267","display_name":"Eriko Emura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133125","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/033y26782","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eriko Emura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eriko Emura graduated 1986 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Fac. Eng. Sci., Osaka Univ. Affiliated with Mitsubishi Electric Crop. 1986. As a student, engaged in researches in semantic representation and inference of natural language","Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eriko Emura graduated 1986 Dept. Biophys. Eng., Fac. Eng. Sci., Osaka Univ. Affiliated with Mitsubishi Electric Crop. 1986. As a student, engaged in researches in semantic representation and inference of natural language","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan 560","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1989,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82603049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"20","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syllogism","display_name":"Syllogism","score":0.7767301201820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6590317487716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6235340237617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predicate-logic","display_name":"Predicate logic","score":0.5559402704238892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuple","display_name":"Tuple","score":0.522614061832428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.5221600532531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.5081946849822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46176451444625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predicate","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","score":0.4319206476211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4259757399559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3869982659816742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.33301520347595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2643808126449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1923610270023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11931723356246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.0880119800567627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131598440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107342","display_name":"Syllogism","level":2,"score":0.7767301201820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6590317487716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6235340237617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19689857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4055684","display_name":"Predicate logic","level":3,"score":0.5559402704238892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118930307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600590","display_name":"Tuple","level":2,"score":0.522614061832428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.5221600532531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5081946849822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46176451444625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140146324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144319","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.4319206476211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4259757399559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3869982659816742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.33301520347595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2643808126449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1923610270023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11931723356246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0880119800567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/scj.4690190303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690190303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1655990431","https://openalex.org/W2502642546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573164139","https://openalex.org/W1517727508","https://openalex.org/W2183390669","https://openalex.org/W2002335098","https://openalex.org/W2002234876","https://openalex.org/W1490035312","https://openalex.org/W284752225","https://openalex.org/W2084233806","https://openalex.org/W1580289905","https://openalex.org/W1996360515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Aristotle's":[1],"syllogism":[2,125],"is":[3,13,20,40,139,150,159,171,182,197],"known":[4],"in":[5,17,22,178,186],"Japan":[6],"as":[7,77,129],"the":[8,23,26,33,46,52,67,78,93,96,113,130,167,173,187],"\u201cthree\u2010stage":[9],"inference.\u201d":[10],"However,":[11],"it":[12,21,61],"not":[14],"correctly":[15],"understood":[16],"general,":[18],"nor":[19],"mainstream":[24],"of":[25,28,36,51,55,106,115,162,169,208],"theory":[27],"logic":[29,42,128],"now":[30],"due":[31],"to":[32,66],"widespread":[34],"use":[35],"predicate":[37,107],"logic.":[38,108],"Syllogism":[39],"a":[41,87,116,163,183,194,205],"system":[43,196],"obtained":[44],"by":[45,86,123,152],"direct":[47],"analysis":[48],"and":[49,58,91,99,118],"description":[50],"logical":[53,79],"structure":[54],"linguistic":[56],"knowledge":[57,68,84,120,189],"notion.":[59],"Consequently,":[60],"includes":[62],"several":[63],"aspects":[64],"suited":[65],"information":[69,121],"processing.":[70,190],"The":[71,134,157],"authors":[72],"have":[73],"proposed":[74],"\u201ctuple":[75],"logic\u201d":[76],"framework":[80],"for":[81,95,136,147,204],"representing":[82],"general":[83],"described":[85],"natural":[88,117],"language,":[89],"etc.,":[90],"explored":[92],"possibility":[94],"semantic":[97],"representation":[98],"inference,":[100],"which":[101,181,199],"are":[102],"different":[103],"from":[104],"those":[105],"This":[109],"paper":[110],"aims":[111],"at":[112],"realization":[114,138],"efficient":[119,137,144],"processing":[122],"combining":[124],"into":[126],"tuple":[127],"additional":[131],"inference":[132,174,203],"mechanism.":[133],"technique":[135],"investigated.":[140],"In":[141],"particular,":[142],"an":[143,160,192,202],"validity\u2010testing":[145],"procedure":[146,158],"syllogistic":[148],"expressions":[149],"given":[151],"improving":[153],"Lukasiewicz'":[154],"decision":[155],"method.":[156],"application":[161],"graph":[164],"algorithm.":[165],"When":[166],"set":[168],"premises":[170],"consistent,":[172],"can":[175,200],"be":[176],"performed":[177],"linear":[179],"time,":[180],"useful":[184],"property":[185],"actual":[188],"As":[191],"example,":[193],"question\u2010answering":[195],"demonstrated":[198],"perform":[201],"certain":[206],"range":[207],"Japanese":[209],"sentences":[210],"including":[211],"negative":[212],"ones.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}