{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2163137752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rsa.3240030308","title":"Simple Constructions of Almost k\u2010wise Independent Random Variables","display_name":"Simple Constructions of Almost k\u2010wise Independent Random Variables","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2163137752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rsa.3240030308","mag":"2163137752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/rsa.3240030308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rsa.3240030308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59667848","display_name":"Random Structures and Algorithms","issn_l":"1042-9832","issn":["1042-9832","1098-2418"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Random Structures &amp; Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083469386","display_name":"Noga Alon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1332-4883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107917","display_name":"Exact Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01kc31v38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107917"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noga Alon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel, and IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel, and IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210107917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013698877","display_name":"Oded Goldreich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4329-135X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oded Goldreich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Dept., Technion, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Dept., Technion, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013166918","display_name":"Johan H\u00e5stad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5379-345X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan H\u00e5stad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055675166","display_name":"Ren\u00e9 Peralta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2318-7563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren\u00e9 Peralta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.1742,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":569,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99365722,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"289","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11329","display_name":"Limits and Structures in Graph Theory","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2607","display_name":"Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.8302608132362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.7555702328681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.574310839176178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.572290301322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.5165539979934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-logarithm","display_name":"Binary logarithm","score":0.5164682865142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5143771767616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.4780288636684418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-log-plot","display_name":"Log-log plot","score":0.45587629079818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.45368894934654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4469689726829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.24712374806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.12737718224525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.10285460948944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06437578797340393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.8302608132362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7555702328681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.574310839176178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.572290301322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5165539979934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63553672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581168","display_name":"Binary logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5164682865142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5143771767616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.4780288636684418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195292467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091879","display_name":"Log-log plot","level":3,"score":0.45587629079818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.45368894934654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4469689726829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24712374806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.12737718224525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10285460948944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06437578797340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/rsa.3240030308","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rsa.3240030308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59667848","display_name":"Random Structures and Algorithms","issn_l":"1042-9832","issn":["1042-9832","1098-2418"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Random Structures &amp; Algorithms","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.106.6442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.106.6442","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.math.tau.ac.il/~nogaa/PDFS/aghp4.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.185.3003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.185.3003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nada.kth.se/%7Ejohanh/almostindep.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.43.662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.43.662","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://http.nada.kth.se/~johanh/almostindep.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.47.453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.47.453","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~oded/PS/aghp.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.57.16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.57.16","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.uwm.edu/faculty/peralta/papers/epbias.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480210121","https://openalex.org/W1489774662","https://openalex.org/W1606480398","https://openalex.org/W1964053266","https://openalex.org/W1964089073","https://openalex.org/W1981234161","https://openalex.org/W1992626439","https://openalex.org/W1998777945","https://openalex.org/W2007671490","https://openalex.org/W2019038806","https://openalex.org/W2019807548","https://openalex.org/W2037690423","https://openalex.org/W2048958388","https://openalex.org/W2049182037","https://openalex.org/W2069788171","https://openalex.org/W2071114738","https://openalex.org/W2081882878","https://openalex.org/W2095693260","https://openalex.org/W2100061495","https://openalex.org/W2110824700","https://openalex.org/W2118541957","https://openalex.org/W2122270497","https://openalex.org/W2128452148","https://openalex.org/W2134490689","https://openalex.org/W2140445848","https://openalex.org/W2141815340","https://openalex.org/W2143490740","https://openalex.org/W4291439952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005615533","https://openalex.org/W4243665620","https://openalex.org/W1529311266","https://openalex.org/W2047234016","https://openalex.org/W1608733163","https://openalex.org/W2623150993","https://openalex.org/W2055932080","https://openalex.org/W2065008672","https://openalex.org/W1983915440","https://openalex.org/W3095925971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1],"present":[2],"three":[3],"alternative":[4],"simple":[5],"constructions":[6,104],"of":[7,24,102],"small":[8],"probability":[9],"spaces":[10],"on":[11,62],"n":[12,42,97],"bits":[13,18,25],"for":[14],"which":[15],"any":[16,63],"k":[17,44,48,64,95],"are":[19],"almost":[20],"independent.":[21],"The":[22],"number":[23],"used":[26],"to":[27,75],"specify":[28],"a":[29],"point":[30],"in":[31],"the":[32,55,59,68,76],"sample":[33],"space":[34],"is":[35,54,72,87,105],"(2":[36],"+":[37,43,46,49],"o":[38],"(1))":[39],"(log":[40],"log":[41,47,50,96],"/2":[45],"1/\u03f5),":[51],"where":[52],"\u03f5":[53,92],"statistical":[56],"difference":[57],"between":[58],"distribution":[60],"induced":[61],"bit":[65],"locations":[66],"and":[67,82],"uniform":[69],"distribution.":[70],"This":[71],"asymptotically":[73],"comparable":[74],"construction":[77],"recently":[78],"presented":[79],"by":[80],"Naor":[81,83],"(our":[84],"size":[85],"bound":[86],"better":[88],"as":[89,91],"long":[90],"&lt;":[93],"1/(":[94],")).":[98],"An":[99],"additional":[100],"advantage":[101],"our":[103],"their":[106],"simplicity.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":33}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
