{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164939228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/net.3230260104","title":"An improved heuristic for the period vehicle routing problem","display_name":"An improved heuristic for the period vehicle routing problem","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164939228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/net.3230260104","mag":"2164939228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/net.3230260104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/net.3230260104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191798613","display_name":"Networks","issn_l":"0028-3045","issn":["0028-3045","1097-0037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000492662","display_name":"I\u2010Ming Chao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I\u2010Ming Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business and Management, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business and Management, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022968381","display_name":"Bruce Golden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5270-6094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce L. Golden","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business and Management, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business and Management, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055579936","display_name":"Edward Wasil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8397-4809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181401687","display_name":"American University","ror":"https://ror.org/052w4zt36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Wasil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kogod College of Business Administration, American University, Washington, DC 20016"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kogod College of Business Administration, American University, Washington, DC 20016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181401687"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000492662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.327,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":136,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88805487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"25","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.7997783422470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.7955926656723022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.7338429689407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6139987707138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6049938797950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/period","display_name":"Period (music)","score":0.4245799779891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3387913703918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2513733506202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11447232961654663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.7997783422470093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.7955926656723022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.7338429689407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6139987707138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6049938797950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.4245799779891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3387913703918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2513733506202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11447232961654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/net.3230260104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/net.3230260104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191798613","display_name":"Networks","issn_l":"0028-3045","issn":["0028-3045","1097-0037"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15274158","https://openalex.org/W1970855160","https://openalex.org/W1983945124","https://openalex.org/W2002709723","https://openalex.org/W2003890550","https://openalex.org/W2026409533","https://openalex.org/W2044038315","https://openalex.org/W2058892401","https://openalex.org/W2068081170","https://openalex.org/W2088679389","https://openalex.org/W2125009529","https://openalex.org/W2148673189","https://openalex.org/W2169496078","https://openalex.org/W2172122819","https://openalex.org/W2257704390","https://openalex.org/W2617045890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018691209","https://openalex.org/W4312143452","https://openalex.org/W4247364272","https://openalex.org/W3133151256","https://openalex.org/W2132920749","https://openalex.org/W2101108574","https://openalex.org/W2157331354","https://openalex.org/W2017649536","https://openalex.org/W1990067406","https://openalex.org/W2135709899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"the":[2,45],"period":[3],"vehicle":[4,28],"routing":[5,29],"problem,":[6],"each":[7,34],"customer":[8],"requires":[9],"a":[10,48],"certain":[11],"number":[12],"of":[13],"deliveries":[14],"per":[15],"week.":[16],"Given":[17],"these":[18],"frequency":[19],"requirements,":[20],"customers":[21],"must":[22],"be":[23],"allocated":[24],"to":[25,42],"days.":[26],"A":[27],"problem":[30],"is":[31],"solved":[32],"over":[33],"day.":[35],"We":[36],"have":[37],"improved":[38],"upon":[39],"best\u2010known":[40],"solutions":[41],"problems":[43],"from":[44],"literature":[46],"using":[47],"new":[49],"heuristic":[50,53],"procedure.":[51],"The":[52],"also":[54],"works":[55],"well":[56],"on":[57],"19":[58],"newly":[59],"generated":[60],"test":[61],"problems.":[62]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}