{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065045759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.4560010207","title":"The weak link","display_name":"The weak link","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065045759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.4560010207","mag":"2065045759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/nem.4560010207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.4560010207","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nem.4560010207","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204585504","display_name":"International Journal of Network Management","issn_l":"1055-7148","issn":["1055-7148","1099-1190"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Network Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nem.4560010207","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054350790","display_name":"D. W. Hanson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108340","display_name":"University of International Business","ror":"https://ror.org/01rvqzw67","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108340"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Hanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Hanson is Communications Specialist at a leeding New York Financial Institution and will be a regular contributor to the International Journal of Network Management"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Hanson is Communications Specialist at a leeding New York Financial Institution and will be a regular contributor to the International Journal of Network Management","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108340"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054350790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108340"],"apc_list":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30107527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"102","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.5370000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.5370000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8398187756538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link","display_name":"Link (geometry)","score":0.7009239792823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6179447770118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.605780839920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.5975968837738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4645846486091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quarter","display_name":"Quarter (Canadian coin)","score":0.426630437374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-link","display_name":"Communication link","score":0.4140506088733673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3352911174297333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.07179534435272217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8398187756538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7009239792823792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6179447770118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.605780839920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.5975968837738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4645846486091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85079727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560114","display_name":"Quarter (Canadian coin)","level":2,"score":0.426630437374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986660100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172466","display_name":"Communication link","level":2,"score":0.4140506088733673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3352911174297333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.07179534435272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/nem.4560010207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.4560010207","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nem.4560010207","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204585504","display_name":"International Journal of Network Management","issn_l":"1055-7148","issn":["1055-7148","1099-1190"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Network Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/nem.4560010207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.4560010207","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/nem.4560010207","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204585504","display_name":"International Journal of Network Management","issn_l":"1055-7148","issn":["1055-7148","1099-1190"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Network Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2065045759.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2065045759.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998809012","https://openalex.org/W1965617705","https://openalex.org/W206422227","https://openalex.org/W2277436753","https://openalex.org/W2148428795","https://openalex.org/W2372011819","https://openalex.org/W2357481891","https://openalex.org/W2808994160","https://openalex.org/W2391090056","https://openalex.org/W2358440364"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Public":[1],"network":[2],"reliability":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"a":[6],"mandatory":[7],"issue.":[8],"In":[9],"the":[10,45],"second":[11],"quarter":[12],"of":[13,33],"1991":[14],"alone,":[15],"there":[16],"were":[17],"331":[18],"switch\u2010related":[19],"outages,":[20],"which":[21],"affected":[22],"more":[23],"than":[24],"3.5":[25],"million":[26],"phone":[27],"lines":[28],"and":[29,50],"lasted":[30],"an":[31],"average":[32],"45":[34],"minutes":[35],"each.":[36],"The":[37],"carriers":[38],"are":[39],"trying":[40],"but":[41,57],"they":[42,59],"still":[43],"represent":[44],"\u2018Weak":[46],"Link\u2019":[47],"in":[48],"data":[49],"voice":[51],"communications.":[52],"There":[53],"will":[54,58],"be":[55,60],"improvements":[56],"enough?":[61]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}