{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2061811674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.4560010202","title":"Why do we need network architects?","display_name":"Why do we need network architects?","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2061811674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.4560010202","mag":"2061811674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/nem.4560010202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.4560010202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204585504","display_name":"International Journal of Network Management","issn_l":"1055-7148","issn":["1055-7148","1099-1190"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Network Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001562565","display_name":"Ray Reardon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ray Reardon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent telecommunications consultants, Rowlands Castle, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent telecommunications consultants, Rowlands Castle, England","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001562565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22742138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"60","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14338","display_name":"Leadership, Human Resources, Global Affairs","score":0.8273000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14338","display_name":"Leadership, Human Resources, Global Affairs","score":0.8273000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.718999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.6743000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.6275204420089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5468633770942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5074447989463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.464275062084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.38530802726745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.3696634769439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32313477993011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10420539975166321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6275204420089722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5468633770942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5074447989463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.464275062084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.38530802726745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.3696634769439697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32313477993011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10420539975166321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/nem.4560010202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.4560010202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204585504","display_name":"International Journal of Network Management","issn_l":"1055-7148","issn":["1055-7148","1099-1190"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Network Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2363440148","https://openalex.org/W4317642157","https://openalex.org/W2317510431","https://openalex.org/W4239542068","https://openalex.org/W134931362","https://openalex.org/W1990811139","https://openalex.org/W2352401039","https://openalex.org/W2181265275","https://openalex.org/W1974749013"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T21:11:00.739837","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}