{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088274275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","title":"Globalization of intellectual property rights: Implications of the TRIPs agreement for access to HIV/AIDS drugs in Africa","display_name":"Globalization of intellectual property rights: Implications of the TRIPs agreement for access to HIV/AIDS drugs in Africa","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088274275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","mag":"2088274275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1550-8390","issn":["1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031214812","display_name":"John Agada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93131583","display_name":"Emporia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6r1478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93131583"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Agada","raw_affiliation_strings":["SLIM, Emporia State University, 1200 Commercial, Emporia, KS 66801"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SLIM, Emporia State University, 1200 Commercial, Emporia, KS 66801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93131583"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002305842","display_name":"John N. Gathegi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Gathegi","raw_affiliation_strings":["SLIS, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., ADM241, Tampa, FI 33620"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SLIS, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., ADM241, Tampa, FI 33620","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087909743","display_name":"Johannes Britz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6651-9759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Britz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Information Studies, Bolton Hall 5th Floor 3210 N Maryland Ave Milwaukee, WI 53211","University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee, School of Information Studies, Bolton Hall 5th Floor 3210 N Maryland Ave Milwaukee, WI 53211"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Information Studies, Bolton Hall 5th Floor 3210 N Maryland Ave Milwaukee, WI 53211","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee, School of Information Studies, Bolton Hall 5th Floor 3210 N Maryland Ave Milwaukee, WI 53211","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023814906","display_name":"Peter Johan Lor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-9068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Lor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Information Studies, Bolton Hall 5th Floor 3210 N Maryland Ave Milwaukee, WI 53211","University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee, School of Information Studies, Bolton Hall 5th Floor 3210 N Maryland Ave Milwaukee, WI 53211"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Information Studies, Bolton Hall 5th Floor 3210 N Maryland Ave Milwaukee, WI 53211","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee, School of Information Studies, Bolton Hall 5th Floor 3210 N Maryland Ave Milwaukee, WI 53211","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031214812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93131583"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19373639,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12878","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"Intellectual property","score":0.9358202219009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trips-architecture","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","score":0.8822411298751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.7131234407424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trips-agreement","display_name":"TRIPS Agreement","score":0.7089996337890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"Globalization","score":0.5850342512130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislation","display_name":"Legislation","score":0.5610926747322083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-country","display_name":"Developing country","score":0.543677031993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negotiation","display_name":"Negotiation","score":0.5152183175086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.49483078718185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-trade","display_name":"World trade","score":0.46644824743270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globe","display_name":"Globe","score":0.4293856918811798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.38247883319854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.32938289642333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.26174092292785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.20312881469726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13193580508232117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.9358202219009399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.8822411298751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.7131234407424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780454388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331647","display_name":"TRIPS Agreement","level":3,"score":0.7089996337890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.5850342512130737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.5610926747322083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.543677031993866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.5152183175086975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49483078718185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993305921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8036315","display_name":"World trade","level":2,"score":0.46644824743270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.4293856918811798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.38247883319854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32938289642333984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26174092292785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20312881469726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13193580508232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1550-8390","issn":["1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.2009.1450460149","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1550-8390","issn":["1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2088274275.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2088274275.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55196664","https://openalex.org/W654149386","https://openalex.org/W1486091288","https://openalex.org/W2078847751","https://openalex.org/W2124870623","https://openalex.org/W2512530029","https://openalex.org/W4391207340","https://openalex.org/W6602215658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021755161","https://openalex.org/W2889980343","https://openalex.org/W3146333178","https://openalex.org/W610904280","https://openalex.org/W2894777071","https://openalex.org/W2806562198","https://openalex.org/W2895312768","https://openalex.org/W2799578695","https://openalex.org/W3121563008","https://openalex.org/W2806719551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"During":[1],"the":[2,23,32,37,49,60,84,108,115,118,135],"past":[3],"few":[4],"decades,":[5],"western":[6],"countries":[7,55,97],"have":[8,98],"pushed":[9],"for":[10,133,145],"strengthening":[11],"intellectual":[12],"property":[13],"(IP)":[14],"rights,":[15],"as":[16,18,68,90],"well":[17],"enforcing":[19],"them":[20],"uniformly":[21],"across":[22],"globe.":[24],"This":[25,112],"push":[26],"came":[27],"to":[28,43,58,92,102,106,123],"a":[29,45,131],"climax":[30],"when":[31],"IP":[33],"was":[34],"removed":[35],"from":[36],"World":[38,50],"Intellectual":[39,64],"Property":[40,65],"Organization":[41,52],"(WIPO)":[42],"become":[44],"trade":[46,73],"issue":[47],"under":[48],"Trade":[51],"(WTO).":[53],"Western":[54],"were":[56],"instrumental":[57],"crafting":[59],"Trade\u2010Related":[61],"Aspects":[62],"of":[63,83,94,110,117],"Rights":[66],"(TRIPs)":[67],"an":[69],"item":[70],"in":[71,79,126,153],"world":[72],"negotiations":[74],"and":[75,129,137,143,151],"agreements":[76],"through":[77],"WTO":[78],"1995.":[80],"Although":[81],"many":[82],"TRIPs":[85,119],"requirements":[86,109],"seemed":[87],"favored":[88],"producers":[89],"opposed":[91],"consumers":[93],"IP,":[95],"developing":[96],"nevertheless":[99],"been":[100],"obliged":[101],"enact":[103],"domestic":[104,138],"legislation":[105],"implement":[107],"TRIPs.":[111],"paper":[113],"examines":[114],"implications":[116],"Agreement":[120],"on":[121],"access":[122],"HIV/AIDS":[124],"drugs":[125],"African":[127],"countries,":[128],"offers":[130],"framework":[132],"analyzing":[134],"international":[136],"factors":[139],"which":[140],"offer":[141],"constraints":[142],"opportunities":[144],"relevant":[146],"public":[147],"health":[148],"policy":[149],"development":[150],"implementation":[152],"Africa.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}