{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106526751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","title":"Evidence of term\u2010structure differences among folksonomies and controlled indexing languages","display_name":"Evidence of term\u2010structure differences among folksonomies and controlled indexing languages","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106526751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","mag":"2106526751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1550-8390","issn":["1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087499135","display_name":"Benjamin M. Good","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-7852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144237","display_name":"St. Paul's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04d0rfg41","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23625684","https://openalex.org/I4210144237"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin M. Good","raw_affiliation_strings":["The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Providence Heart + Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144237","https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081560782","display_name":"Joseph T. Tennis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-2549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph T. Tennis","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Information School, University of Washington, Box 352840, Mary Gates Hall, Suite 370, Seattle, WA 98195-2840","The Information School, University of Washington, Box 352840, Mary Gates Hall, Suite 370, Seattle, WA 98195\u20102840"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Information School, University of Washington, Box 352840, Mary Gates Hall, Suite 370, Seattle, WA 98195-2840","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Information School, University of Washington, Box 352840, Mary Gates Hall, Suite 370, Seattle, WA 98195\u20102840","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081560782","https://openalex.org/A5087499135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210144237"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2693,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59920891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.9431999921798706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.9112523794174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7309308648109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.596194863319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5509209632873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4895080327987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.48212265968322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4586292803287506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-indexing","display_name":"Automatic indexing","score":0.43852898478507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.4258059859275818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.9112523794174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7309308648109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.596194863319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5509209632873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4895080327987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.48212265968322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4586292803287506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778330532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826577","display_name":"Automatic indexing","level":3,"score":0.43852898478507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.4258059859275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1550-8390","issn":["1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.2008.1450450378","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1550-8390","issn":["1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310787","display_name":"Genome Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/029s29983"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319973","display_name":"Genome British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gne5057"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2106526751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2106526751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22202072","https://openalex.org/W1647256145","https://openalex.org/W1979015808","https://openalex.org/W2041428546","https://openalex.org/W2045659127","https://openalex.org/W2076298227","https://openalex.org/W2113142309","https://openalex.org/W2333136012","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393932274","https://openalex.org/W204619012","https://openalex.org/W2398073981","https://openalex.org/W2008087111","https://openalex.org/W4247874641","https://openalex.org/W2051392313","https://openalex.org/W2081057833","https://openalex.org/W2025451713","https://openalex.org/W2062327384","https://openalex.org/W2168066506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,50,102,123,189,239,247,252,261,278,307,346,369,372,375,378,381,387,393,396,401,407,443,458,466,471,506,513,550,556,567,580,597,600,655,669,684,695,718,724,728,751,760,763,773,778,785,821,861,866,913,921,930,949,962,983,986,1004,1013,1021,1026,1029,1046,1050,1067,1081,1095,1141,1148,1152,1160,1177,1199,1205,1208,1211,1219,1223,1229,1234,1247,1256,1262,1272,1278,1284,1289,1293,1298,1307,1314,1328,1344,1349,1356,1369,1373,1388,1394,1398,1414,1428,1435,1443,1446,1459,1465,1488,1499,1530,1551],"advent":[2],"of":[3,42,53,61,80,105,147,160,188,193,241,260,280,288,351,368,371,377,384,390,395,403,409,434,457,468,482,487,495,508,515,541,552,562,569,583,599,602,615,630,642,657,671,686,697,717,720,747,757,853,860,868,946,952,964,982,985,1003,1012,1018,1028,1066,1070,1101,1104,1113,1117,1122,1128,1143,1151,1163,1179,1198,1207,1255,1261,1271,1277,1283,1330,1336,1375,1384,1390,1397,1413,1418,1445,1449,1461,1467,1477,1490,1574],"Internet-based":[4],"technologies":[5],"for":[6,196,202,356,565,592,957,992,1001,1193,1196,1264,1378,1393,1410,1506],"information":[7],"organization,":[8],"many":[9,34,987],"groups":[10,1162],"have":[11,27,83],"constructed":[12],"their":[13,1541],"own":[14],"indexing":[15,37,55,63,88,130,190,217,233,265,542,585,632,870,1072,1145,1154,1164,1301,1316,1337,1402,1420,1450,1469,1478,1510],"languages.":[16,38,586,1073,1146,1201,1317,1332,1403,1451],"Biologists,":[17],"Library":[18],"and":[19,23,33,57,152,157,164,184,251,257,338,380,406,422,462,526,607,693,732,800,872,886,912,997,1034,1120,1195,1297,1416,1486,1494,1516,1527,1571],"Information":[20],"Science":[21],"practitioners,":[22],"now":[24],"social":[25],"taggers":[26],"worked":[28],"together":[29],"to":[30,86,168,180,238,269,274,299,321,430,452,522,555,620,624,765,768,803,975,977,1037,1060,1080,1136,1173,1176,1218,1246,1348,1441,1495,1513,1537,1550],"create":[31,1137,1538],"large":[32],"times":[35],"complex":[36],"In":[39,1074,1227,1318,1427],"this":[40,74,197,766,806,1385,1439,1453],"environment":[41],"diversity,":[43],"two":[44,415,483,729,1323],"questions":[45],"surface:":[46],"(1)":[47,136,290],"what":[48,176,966],"are":[49,223,520,674,794,878],"measurable":[51],"characteristics":[52,540],"these":[54,62,67,106,221,264,501,584,616,691,972,1071],"languages,":[56,234],"(2)":[58,140,315],"do":[59,907],"measurements":[60,353,536,973,1007],"languages":[64,89,107,131,174,218,266,543,1155,1165,1302,1470,1479,1511],"speciate":[65],"along":[66],"characteristics?":[68],"This":[69,932,1133,1404],"poster":[70],"presents":[71],"data":[72,1016,1083],"from":[73,539,734,750,883,1233,1292,1313,1359,1400,1464,1481,1557],"exploratory":[75,1429],"work.":[76,1426],"A":[77,705,742],"growing":[78],"number":[79,561,656,670,685,696,1048,1121,1364],"theoretical":[81,1425],"works":[82],"compared":[84],"folksonomies":[85,1194,1225,1308,1462],"controlled":[87,1200,1220,1315,1331,1468],"(Beghtol,":[90],"2003;":[91],"Feinberg,":[92],"2006;":[93,95],"Tennis,":[94,228],"Voss,":[96],"2006).":[97],"However,":[98],"empirical":[99,1395],"work":[100,1386,1531],"on":[101,400,438,465,1057],"comparative":[103],"anatomy":[104,598,984],"has":[108],"lagged":[109],"(an":[110],"exception":[111],"is":[112,619,707,711,744,833,839,843,858,899,954,1362,1387,1545],"provided":[113,1437],"by":[114,144,156,545,676,880,1041,1045,1109,1438,1547],"Milne,":[115],"Medelyan,":[116],"&":[117,227,648],"Witten,":[118],"(2006)).":[119],"Working":[120],"primarily":[121],"in":[122,204,249,255,263,363,549,604,611,690,772,777,828,901,937,1049,1094,1244,1343,1353,1368,1498,1525,1554,1561],"semantic":[124,887,922],"Web":[125],"environment,":[126],"we":[127,177,235,503,877,967,1076,1156,1189,1433,1455,1501],"harvested":[128],"25":[129,216,1299],"that":[132,203,219,243,519,529,578,659,673,710,793,863,895,1087,1159,1171,1306,1322,1422],"met":[133,220],"three":[134,488,791,812],"criteria:":[135],"were":[137,141,166,297,319,333,343,354,537,588,637,1054],"freely":[138],"available,":[139],"considered":[142],"valuable":[143],"a":[145,161,270,302,349,427,432,454,509,560,570,613,622,665,680,708,745,844,909,979,1038,1062,1138,1240,1310,1391,1407,1503,1566,1572],"body":[146],"designers/users":[148],"(were":[149],"always":[150],"used":[151,167,521,689,936,991,1125,1524,1536],"most":[153],"often":[154,896,904],"maintained":[155],"given":[158],"imprimatur":[159],"respected":[162],"organization),":[163],"(3)":[165,330],"index":[169],"or":[170,490,492,497,856,917,948],"curate":[171],"documents.":[172],"These":[173,360,412,587],"spanned":[175],"commonly":[178],"understand":[179],"be":[181,431,450,453,809,935,1496,1523],"thesauri,":[182],"ontologies,":[183],"folksonomies.":[185],"The":[186,215,534,634,944,1052,1340,1366,1381],"domain":[187],"language":[191,1338,1350],"was":[192,267,1032],"secondary":[194],"concern":[195],"research":[198],"question.":[199],"We":[200,283,473,1124],"accounted":[201],"our":[205,212,804],"analysis,":[206,348],"though":[207,850,1203],"it":[208],"did":[209],"not":[210,712,840,851],"shape":[211,873,1243],"sampling":[213],"procedure.":[214],"criteria":[222],"listed":[224],"online":[225],"(Good":[226],"2008).":[229],"Here,":[230],"when":[231],"discussing":[232],"refer":[236],"only":[237,826],"set":[240,398,511,719,726,753,756,1006],"terms":[242,262,342,405,436,459,475,518,658,672,730,758,797,906,915,947,1399,1466],"compose":[244,523],"them":[245,1539],"-":[246,739,814],"tags":[248,1460],"folksonomies,":[250],"concept":[253,884],"labels":[254],"thesauri":[256,554,603],"ontologies.":[258],"Each":[259],"subjected":[268],"normalization":[271],"process":[272,551],"meant":[273],"help":[275],"consistently":[276],"delineate":[277],"boundaries":[279],"compound":[281,317,910],"words.":[282],"carried":[284],"out":[285,951],"four":[286,496],"procedures":[287],"normalization:":[289],"all":[291,331,335,1002],"non-word":[292],"characters":[293],"(e.g.;,":[294],"_,":[295],"-)":[296],"mapped":[298,320,1036],"spaces":[300,469],"using":[301,612,1084,1131],"regular":[303],"expression":[304],"(\\\\W),":[305],"so":[306],"term":[308,358,373,397,428,445,510,663,678,725,749,752,771,786,807,822,836,989,1005,1030,1114,1118,1230],"\u201cautomatic-ontology_evaluation\u201d":[309],"would":[310,449,808,825],"become":[311],"\u201cautomatic":[312],"ontology":[313],"evaluation,\u201d":[314],"case-delineated":[316],"words":[318,324,332],"space":[322],"separated":[323],"(e.g.,":[325],"\u201ccamelCase\u201d":[326],"becomes":[327],"\u201ccamel":[328],"case\u201d),":[329],"made":[334],"lower":[336],"case,":[337],"(4)":[339],"any":[340,631],"redundant":[341],"removed.":[344],"For":[345,441,722,775,1184],"primary":[347,1382],"variety":[350],"different":[352,687,698,1161,1401,1447,1475,1509],"recorded":[355],"each":[357,702,1043,1379,1482],"set.":[359,774,1051],"metrics,":[361],"summarized":[362],"Table":[364,994],"1.,":[365],"included":[366],"indicators":[367,1351],"size":[370,1027],"sets,":[374,1031],"lengths":[376],"terms,":[379],"apparent":[382],"levels":[383],"modularity":[385,391],"within":[386,1327],"sets.":[388],"Measures":[389],"expose":[392],"structure":[394,855,898],"based":[399,437,464],"proportions":[402],"multi-word":[404,905],"degrees":[408],"sub-term":[410],"re-use.":[411],"measures":[413,564,575,636,641,652],"include":[414,653],"main":[416],"categories,":[417],"Observed":[418],"Linguistic":[419],"Precoordination":[420],"(OLP)":[421],"Compositionality.":[423],"OLP":[424,535,635],"indicates":[425],"whether":[426],"appears":[429,1214],"union":[433],"multiple":[435],"syntactic":[439],"separators.":[440],"example,":[442,723,776,820,1185],"MeSH":[444,1257],"'Fibroblast":[446],"Growth":[447],"Factor\u201d":[448],"observed":[451],"linguistic":[455,902],"precoordination":[456],"'Fibroblast',":[460],"'Growth',":[461],"'Factor'":[463],"presence":[467],"between":[470,1015],"terms.":[472,721],"categorize":[474],"as":[476,512,532,590,664,679,811,846,1025,1186,1304,1471,1473],"uniterms":[477],"(one":[478],"term),":[479],"duplets":[480],"(combinations":[481,486,494],"terms),":[484],"triplets":[485],"terms)":[489,528],"quadruplets":[491],"higher":[493],"more":[498,1216],"terms).":[499],"Using":[500],"categorizations,":[502],"also":[504,530,795],"record":[505],"'flexibility'":[507],"fraction":[514],"sub-terms":[516],"(the":[517],"duplets,":[524,1105],"triplets,":[525],"quadplus":[527],"appear":[531],"uniterms.":[533],"adapted":[538],"introduced":[544],"Van":[546],"Slype,":[547],"who,":[548],"comparing":[553],"ISO":[557],"Standard,":[558],"identified":[559,1377],"simple":[563],"gauging":[566],"extent":[568,582],"thesaurus":[571,938,1258,1268],"(Bureau-Marcel-Van-Dijk,":[572],"1976).":[573],"His":[574],"provide":[576,621,1061,1502],"numbers":[577,1342],"give":[579],"basic":[581],"proposed":[589],"benchmarks":[591],"standards":[593],"revision.":[594],"They":[595],"outlined":[596],"sample":[601],"English,":[605],"French,":[606],"German.":[608],"Our":[609],"intent":[610],"subset":[614],"metrics":[617],"here":[618,1167],"means":[623],"generate":[625],"such":[626,1024],"an":[627,714,834,869,1548],"anatomical":[628],"description":[629,885],"language.":[633],"extended":[638],"with":[639,701,754],"related":[640],"'compositionality'":[643],"(Ogren,":[644],"Cohen,":[645],"Acquaah-Mensah,":[646],"Eberlein,":[647],"Hunter,":[649],"2004).":[650],"Compositionality":[651],"a)":[654,1518],"contain":[660],"another":[661,677,755,770,819,958,1515],"complete":[662],"proper":[666,681],"substring,":[667,682],"b)":[668,1528],"contained":[675,703,1108],"c)":[683],"complements":[688,1423],"compositions,":[692],"d)":[694],"compositions":[699,813],"created":[700],"term.":[704],"complement":[706,738,845],"subterm":[709],"itself":[713],"independent":[715,796,835],"member":[716],"containing":[727],"\u201cmacrophage\u201d":[731],"\u201cderived":[733,740],"macrophage\u201d":[735],"contains":[736,790],"one":[737,748,829,1514],"from\u201d.":[741],"composition":[743,830],"combination":[746,1526],"(forming":[759],"suffix":[761],"and/or":[762],"prefix":[764],"term)":[767],"form":[769,978,1309],"Academic":[779],"Computing":[780,1265],"Machinery":[781,1266],"(ACM)":[782,1267],"subject":[783],"listing,":[784],"\u201csoftware":[787],"program":[788],"verification\u201d":[789],"subterms":[792],"(\u201csoftware\u201d,":[798],"\u201cprogram\u201d,":[799],"\u201cverification\u201d).":[801],"According":[802],"definition,":[805],"counted":[810],"\u201csoftware\u201d+suffix,":[815],"prefix+\u201cprogram\u201d+suffix,":[816],"prefix+\u201cverification\u201d.":[817],"As":[818],"\u201cdenotational":[823],"semantics\u201d":[824],"result":[827,963],"because":[831],"\u201csemantics\u201d":[832],"while":[837],"\u201cdenotational\u201d":[838],"(and":[841],"thus":[842,1517],"defined":[847],"above).":[848],"Modularity,":[849],"indicative":[852,859],"conceptual":[854,897,1408],"meaning,":[857],"factors":[862],"go":[864],"into":[865],"semantics":[867,953],"language,":[871],"its":[874],"use.":[875],"Here":[876],"guided":[879],"Soergel's":[881],"rubric":[882],"factoring.":[888],"He":[889],"tells":[890],"us":[891,1135],"\u201cwe":[892],"may":[893],"note":[894],"reflected":[900],"structure;":[903],"designate":[908,916,920],"concept,":[911],"single":[914],"very":[918],"nearly":[919],"factors.":[923],"Example:":[924],"Steel":[925],"pipes":[926],"=":[927],"steel:pipes":[928],"[demonstrating":[929],"factoring].":[931],"fact":[933],"can":[934,1157],"building,\u201d":[939],"p.":[940],"75":[941],"(Soergel,":[942],"1974).":[943],"combinations":[945],"factoring":[950],"theoretically":[955],"important":[956],"reason.":[959],"It":[960],"shapes":[961,1069,1170,1192,1444],"indexing,":[965],"call":[968],"indexes":[969],"here.":[970],"Together,":[971],"combine":[974],"begin":[976],"descriptive":[980],"picture":[981],"diverse":[988],"sets":[990,1231],"indexing.":[993],"1":[995],"lists":[996],"provides":[998,1406],"brief":[999],"definitions":[1000],"taken.":[1008],"To":[1009],"enable":[1010],"visualizations":[1011],"relationships":[1014],"types":[1017],"varying":[1019,1174],"dimensions,":[1020],"non-ratio":[1022],"data,":[1023],"log-transformed":[1033],"then":[1035,1055,1222],"0-1":[1039],"scale":[1040],"dividing":[1042],"value":[1044],"largest":[1047],"variables":[1053,1086,1098,1296],"plotted":[1056],"radar":[1058,1149],"graphs":[1059,1150],"clear,":[1063],"visual":[1064],"representation":[1065],"distinct":[1068,1191,1324],"addition,":[1075,1228,1319],"applied":[1077],"cluster":[1078,1129],"analysis":[1079,1130],"normalized":[1082,1144,1153,1300],"seven":[1085,1294],"were,":[1088],"upon":[1089],"earlier":[1090],"inspection,":[1091],"highly":[1092],"variable":[1093],"sample.":[1096],"Those":[1097],"were:":[1099],"%":[1100,1103,1107],"uniterms,":[1102],"flexibility,":[1106],"another,":[1110],"standard":[1111],"deviation":[1112],"length,":[1115,1119],"skewness":[1116],"complements.":[1123],"Ward'si":[1126],"method":[1127],"SPSS.":[1132],"allowed":[1134],"dendrogram":[1139],"illustrating":[1140],"clusters":[1142,1290],"Examining":[1147],"see":[1158,1456],"investigated":[1166],"display":[1168,1239],"particular":[1169],"correspond":[1172,1347],"extents":[1175],"kinds":[1178,1374],"systems":[1180],"they":[1181,1320,1520],"arose":[1182],"from.":[1183],"1-5":[1187,1354],"illustrate,":[1188],"observe":[1190],"subsets":[1197,1325,1476],"Interestingly,":[1202],"maintaining":[1204],"basics":[1206],"folksonomy":[1209,1213,1274,1280,1286,1358],"shape,":[1210],"Connotea":[1212,1273],"much":[1215],"similar":[1217],"vocabularies":[1221],"other":[1224],"do.":[1226],"gathered":[1232],"Open":[1235],"Biomedical":[1236],"Ontologies":[1237],"Foundry":[1238],"quite":[1241],"unique":[1242],"comparison":[1245,1396,1491],"others":[1248],"(Smith":[1249],"et":[1250],"al.,":[1251],"2007).":[1252],"Radar":[1253,1259,1269,1275,1281],"graph":[1254,1260,1270,1276,1282],"Asscociation":[1263],"Bibsonomy":[1279],"CiteUlike":[1285],"shows":[1287],"how":[1288,1458,1474,1508,1519,1529],"formed":[1291],"selected":[1295],"indicate,":[1303],"expected,":[1305],"separate":[1311],"group":[1312,1329],"show":[1321],"exist":[1326],"Figure":[1333,1360],"6.":[1334],"Dendrogram":[1335],"clusters.":[1339],"case":[1341,1363],"left":[1345],"column":[1346,1371],"utilized":[1352],"(e.g.":[1355],"Citeulike":[1357],"5":[1361],"22).":[1365],"names":[1367],"rightmost":[1370],"indicate":[1372],"terminology":[1376],"case.":[1380],"contribution":[1383],"development":[1389],"framework":[1392,1405,1440],"foundation":[1409,1505],"data-based":[1411],"investigations":[1412],"tools":[1415],"products":[1417],"emerging":[1419],"practices":[1421],"ongoing":[1424],"results":[1430],"presented":[1431],"here,":[1432],"use":[1434],"lens":[1436],"visualize":[1442],"species":[1448],"Through":[1452],"lens,":[1454],"precisely":[1457],"differ":[1463,1480],"well":[1472],"other.":[1483],"By":[1484],"defining":[1485],"visualizing":[1487],"axes":[1489],"discussed":[1492],"above":[1493],"displayed":[1497],"poster,":[1500],"solid":[1504],"understanding":[1507],"relate":[1512],"might":[1521],"best":[1522],"practices,":[1532],"purpose,":[1533],"software":[1534],"etc.":[1535],"effect":[1540],"final":[1542],"form.":[1543],"BMG":[1544],"supported":[1546],"award":[1549],"Better":[1552],"Biomarkers":[1553],"Transplantation":[1555],"project":[1556],"Genome":[1558,1564],"British":[1559,1575],"Columbia,":[1560],"part":[1562],"through":[1563],"Canada,":[1565],"Pacific":[1567],"Century":[1568],"Graduate":[1569,1577],"Fellowship,":[1570],"University":[1573],"Columbia":[1576],"Fellowship.":[1578]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
