{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2053760781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504901340","title":"J.J. Gibson and Marshall McLuhan: A survey of terminology and a proposed extension of the theory of affordances","display_name":"J.J. Gibson and Marshall McLuhan: A survey of terminology and a proposed extension of the theory of affordances","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2053760781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504901340","mag":"2053760781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.14504901340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504901340","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.14504901340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1550-8390","issn":["1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.14504901340","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087178385","display_name":"Heidi Overhill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heidi Overhill","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087178385"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16146807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affordance","display_name":"Affordance","score":0.9656345844268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.8182699680328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.640347957611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.6074146032333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.5911915898323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5858542919158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5596035718917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.47197017073631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.46179792284965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.44020625948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4340205788612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.42058265209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.41409966349601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3746715784072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3596700429916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.3424072563648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.32964709401130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2751304805278778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19395598769187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.13020911812782288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194995250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531136","display_name":"Affordance","level":2,"score":0.9656345844268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.8182699680328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.640347957611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.6074146032333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5911915898323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5858542919158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5596035718917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.47197017073631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.46179792284965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.44020625948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4340205788612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.42058265209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.41409966349601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3746715784072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3596700429916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3424072563648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32964709401130676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2751304805278778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19395598769187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.13020911812782288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.14504901340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504901340","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.14504901340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1550-8390","issn":["1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.14504901340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504901340","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.14504901340","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"1550-8390","issn":["1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2053760781.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2053760781.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139507382","https://openalex.org/W304727013","https://openalex.org/W1570418772","https://openalex.org/W1933657216","https://openalex.org/W1972718289","https://openalex.org/W1987930784","https://openalex.org/W1992903142","https://openalex.org/W2004603793","https://openalex.org/W2015781755","https://openalex.org/W2017060242","https://openalex.org/W2023691099","https://openalex.org/W2039170454","https://openalex.org/W2053563199","https://openalex.org/W2070708245","https://openalex.org/W2084310826","https://openalex.org/W2085294194","https://openalex.org/W2098820875","https://openalex.org/W2135903872","https://openalex.org/W2139227341","https://openalex.org/W2142211277","https://openalex.org/W2158451634","https://openalex.org/W2294857847","https://openalex.org/W4232547452","https://openalex.org/W4246169745","https://openalex.org/W7071121893"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972718289","https://openalex.org/W1791514435","https://openalex.org/W2346831895","https://openalex.org/W2248634132","https://openalex.org/W2295809616","https://openalex.org/W3049116993","https://openalex.org/W2070708245","https://openalex.org/W1541884709","https://openalex.org/W2589081601","https://openalex.org/W1966542732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Psychologist":[1],"James":[2],"J.":[3],"Gibson":[4],"coined":[5],"the":[6,13,16,25,101,107,128,176,179,183,188],"word":[7],"\u201caffordance\u201d":[8],"in":[9,24,46,62,72,91,165,175,199],"1979,":[10],"to":[11,48,82,112],"describe":[12],"relationship":[14],"between":[15],"abilities":[17,181],"of":[18,85,95,103,130,143,182,190,193],"a":[19,49,92,138],"living":[20],"creature,":[21],"and":[22,58,65,87,109,195],"features":[23,171],"environment":[26],"that":[27,114,125,133,160,172],"afford":[28],"action":[29],"for":[30,106,203],"those":[31],"abilities.":[32],"An":[33],"affordance,":[34],"therefore,":[35],"is":[36,40,59,70,140],"physically":[37],"real,":[38],"but":[39,76],"defined":[41],"as":[42,155],"an":[43,135,141],"affordance":[44],"only":[45],"reference":[47],"particular":[50],"creature.":[51],"This":[52,185],"term":[53],"has":[54,78],"been":[55,80],"widely":[56],"adopted,":[57],"now":[60],"found":[61],"design,":[63],"education,":[64],"cognitive":[66,88],"science.":[67],"Sometimes":[68],"it":[69,77,149,158],"used":[71],"Gibson's":[73],"original":[74],"meaning,":[75],"also":[79],"applied":[81],"broader":[83],"discussions":[84],"social":[86],"activities,":[89],"resulting":[90],"certain":[93],"confusion":[94],"terminology.":[96],"A":[97],"short":[98],"summary":[99],"reveals":[100],"variety":[102],"current":[104],"uses":[105],"term,":[108],"goes":[110],"further":[111],"propose":[113],"this":[115],"range":[116],"may":[117,196],"be":[118,163],"simplified":[119],"by":[120,168],"applying":[121],"Marshall":[122],"McLuhan's":[123],"observation":[124],"\u201cmedia":[126],"are":[127,173],"extensions":[129],"mankind.\u201d":[131],"In":[132],"analysis,":[134],"object":[136],"like":[137,147],"cup":[139],"extension":[142],"cupped":[144],"hands,":[145,148],"because,":[146],"holds":[150],"water.":[151],"Defining":[152],"some":[153],"objects":[154],"body\u2010extensions":[156],"makes":[157],"clear":[159],"affordances":[161],"can":[162],"modified":[164],"two":[166],"ways:":[167],"changing":[169],"either":[170],"available":[174],"environment,":[177],"or":[178],"extended":[180],"user.":[184],"distinction":[186],"simplifies":[187],"description":[189],"different":[191],"types":[192],"affordances,":[194],"help":[197],"designers":[198],"planning":[200],"effective":[201],"experiences":[202],"users.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}