{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140997767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504701222","title":"Testing children's information retrieval systems: Challenges in a new era","display_name":"Testing children's information retrieval systems: Challenges in a new era","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140997767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504701222","mag":"2140997767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.14504701222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504701222","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.14504701222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"0044-7870","issn":["0044-7870","1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.14504701222","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030502426","display_name":"Jamshid Beheshti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-4397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jamshid Beheshti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","McGill University; Montreal; Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University; Montreal; Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002805275","display_name":"Dania Bilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4485-5647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dania Bilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA","University of Tennessee Knoxville"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee Knoxville","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011867834","display_name":"Allison Druin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7908-1787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Allison Druin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA","Univ. of Maryland, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Maryland, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111376401","display_name":"Andrew Large","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Large","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","McGill University; Montreal; Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McGill University; Montreal; Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002805275","https://openalex.org/A5011867834","https://openalex.org/A5030502426","https://openalex.org/A5111376401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651","https://openalex.org/I66946132","https://openalex.org/I75027704"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4154,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89139209,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4417910575866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38599470257759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3656993508338928}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4417910575866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38599470257759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3656993508338928}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.14504701222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504701222","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.14504701222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"0044-7870","issn":["0044-7870","1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/meet.14504701222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.14504701222","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/meet.14504701222","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523999","display_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","issn_l":"0044-7870","issn":["0044-7870","1550-8390","1936-1734"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2140997767.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2140997767.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208548429","https://openalex.org/W1502214077","https://openalex.org/W1554394657","https://openalex.org/W1802760973","https://openalex.org/W1964729842","https://openalex.org/W1965244999","https://openalex.org/W1965690069","https://openalex.org/W1968595413","https://openalex.org/W1976976636","https://openalex.org/W2001353869","https://openalex.org/W2006636717","https://openalex.org/W2010210047","https://openalex.org/W2010612940","https://openalex.org/W2020539927","https://openalex.org/W2050188280","https://openalex.org/W2055851829","https://openalex.org/W2074023888","https://openalex.org/W2119885359","https://openalex.org/W2139147507","https://openalex.org/W2155355283","https://openalex.org/W2408751410","https://openalex.org/W4238443837","https://openalex.org/W4251113007","https://openalex.org/W4300831780"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,744,836,866,1263,1336],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,18,48,56,124,135,139,155,191,195,205,218,262,316,501,552,565,581,599,628,635,663,682,686,772,916,923,956,979,1001,1035,1048,1060,1073,1076,1122,1155,1279,1283,1298,1327,1364,1377,1386,1389,1398,1414,1428],"this":[3,156,376],"Panel":[4],"is":[5,146,442,446,470,690,900,1246,1260,1300,1357,1402],"to":[6,73,128,149,235,273,285,305,371,379,393,405,590,708,717,752,795,807,853,929,1029,1064,1106,1133,1275,1301],"discuss":[7,129,753],"and":[8,12,20,34,42,117,133,153,168,178,193,247,313,325,373,385,407,417,427,434,461,508,515,547,562,585,630,651,684,692,736,755,760,782,790,811,847,850,861,873,882,907,911,919,925,933,939,951,977,996,1017,1025,1031,1101,1127,1135,1139,1146,1149,1199,1210,1287,1304,1334,1347,1394,1410,1446,1453,1456,1468],"elaborate":[9],"on":[10,36,51,265,655,719,748,863,898,913,942,997,1010,1092,1311,1406,1417],"testing":[11,192,426,476,759,771,792],"evaluation":[13,167,194,493,580],"challenges":[14,436,757,794,936],"facing":[15],"the":[16,54,57,84,114,118,130,136,151,196,202,219,238,263,294,298,308,317,333,475,550,560,563,588,612,626,642,647,664,699,914,917,954,986,1033,1040,1052,1058,1087,1112,1153,1159,1208,1213,1243,1276,1280,1296,1312,1325,1348,1362,1375,1378,1383,1387,1395,1399,1403,1425],"designers":[17,846,938],"new":[19,77,137,177,189,1065,1108],"novel":[21,179,1232],"information":[22,37,94,131,166,180,206,226,239,381,481,528,556,636,643,763,808,885,964,1013,1036,1070,1089,1222,1271,1309],"systems":[23,78,208,430,483,887,1038,1141],"for":[24,45,60,81,113,183,215,311,349,351,382,437,449,465,472,479,488,694,742,1068,1137,1179,1207,1212,1314,1380,1391],"children.":[25,216],"Since":[26],"2002,":[27],"ASIST":[28],"has":[29,70,199,267,296,823,868,959,969,1007,1021,1044,1438,1443,1447],"hosted":[30],"16":[31],"papers,":[32],"panels,":[33],"posters":[35],"retrieval":[38,181,207,227,240,482,764,786,886,1037,1090,1223],"systems,":[39,1109],"digital":[40,185],"libraries,":[41],"user":[43],"interfaces":[44,420],"children11":[46],"Result":[47],"a":[49,122,143,281,443,466,489,498,582,603,621,713,720,732,773,784,801,815,1174,1218,1231,1236,1258,1291,1328,1341,1407],"search":[50,981,1134,1171],"\u2018children\u2019":[52],"in":[53,105,165,225,280,293,320,338,366,579,698,758,780,833,859,871,874,946,953,1003,1015,1114,1307,1424],"Proceedings":[55],"American":[58],"Society":[59],"Information":[61,605,1365,1465],"Science":[62],"&":[63,570,993,1081],"Technology.":[64],",":[65],"but":[66,797,904],"very":[67],"little":[68],"discussion":[69],"been":[71,268,391,532,869,960],"devoted":[72],"methodological":[74],"challenges.":[75],"Many":[76,217,503],"are":[79,102,213,368,587,1104,1350],"designed":[80,112,447,471,610,1290],"today's":[82],"children,":[83,1120],"\u201cDigital":[85],"Natives\u201d":[86],"(those":[87],"born":[88],"after":[89],"1989),":[90],"who":[91],"may":[92,344,374,520,702],"process":[93],"differently":[95],"from":[96,288,398,611,1039,1195],"their":[97,516,522,710,749,943,1123,1128],"predecessors.":[98],"Digital":[99,989,1055,1162,1459],"natives":[100],"often":[101],"well":[103,920],"versed":[104],"using":[106,888,1324],"computer":[107],"games,":[108],"such":[109,210,361,458,505,731,1110,1234,1257],"as":[110,211,275,278,362,459,506,638,657,673,921,1111,1235,1374,1420],"those":[111],"X-Box":[115],"360":[116],"Nintendo":[119],"Wii.":[120],"However,":[121,425],"panel":[123],"experts,":[125],"meeting":[126],"recently":[127,1045],"behavior":[132,965,1014,1071],"needs":[134],"generation":[138],"users,":[140],"concluded":[141],"that":[142,160,201,237,445,632,677,705,779,798,894,1098,1119,1140,1228,1284],"research":[144,264,292,318,899,927,1027,1441,1450],"agenda":[145],"urgently":[147],"required":[148],"investigate":[150,1030],"\u201ccharacteristics":[152],"preferences":[154],"tech":[157],"savvy":[158],"group":[159,500],"surprisingly":[161],"lacks":[162],"basic":[163],"skills":[164,912],"retrieval\u201d":[169],"(Radford":[170],"et":[171,253,402,414],"al,":[172,254,403,415],"2008,":[173],"p.":[174],"2).":[175],"Developing":[176],"mechanism":[182],"these":[184,233,429,566,576,754],"natives,":[186],"however,":[187,689],"require":[188,703],"ways":[190],"system.":[197],"Research":[198,1412],"shown":[200],"overwhelming":[203],"majority":[204],"(IRS)":[209],"Google":[212],"unsuitable":[214],"problems":[220],"typically":[221],"encountered":[222],"by":[223,336,840,1191,1268],"children":[224,337,352,467,583,897,1168,1303],"includes":[228],"determining":[229],"appropriate":[230,245,463,487],"concepts,":[231],"translating":[232],"concepts":[234],"keywords":[236],"system":[241,444,714,733,787,937,1091,1224,1259,1264,1337],"can":[242,1273],"understand,":[243],"finding":[244],"synonyms,":[246],"distinguishing":[248],"homonyms":[249],"(Bilal,":[250,511],"2000;":[251],"Druin":[252,1096,1145,1198],"2009;":[255],"Large,":[256,422,1318],"Nesset,":[257],"Beheshti,":[258],"2008).":[259,572,1083],"Traditionally,":[260],"much":[261,1270],"IRS":[266],"experimental,":[269,872],"where":[270,1370],"researchers":[271],"strive":[272],"control":[274],"many":[276,1440],"variables":[277],"possible":[279],"carefully":[282],"regulated":[283],"environment":[284],"minimize":[286],"interference":[287],"external":[289],"factors.":[290],"Generally,":[291],"field":[295],"followed":[297],"Cranfield":[299],"2":[300],"model":[301],"(Cleverdon,":[302],"1967),":[303],"which":[304,469,553,670,701,822,1061,1166,1299],"date":[306],"remains":[307],"main":[309],"approach":[310],"testing,":[312],"lead":[314],"most":[315],"efforts":[319,945,1009],"Text":[321],"REtreival":[322],"Conference":[323],"(TREC),":[324],"Cross-Language":[326],"Evaluation":[327],"Forum":[328],"(CLEF)":[329],"(Voorhees,":[330],"2002).":[331],"Given":[332],"difficulties":[334],"experienced":[335],"interacting":[339],"with":[340,524,896,976,1051,1169,1331,1434],"conventional":[341,359,406,1254,1342],"IRS,":[342,468,584],"browsing":[343,450,1308],"be":[345,715,734,740,1143,1266],"an":[346,525,616,667,724,841,1358,1421],"alternative":[347],"method":[348],"searching":[350,400,454],"requiring":[353],"less":[354],"cognitive":[355,675,999],"load":[356],"than":[357,452,826,855,1185,1250],"other":[358,756],"techniques":[360],"keyword":[363,453],"searching.":[364],"Children,":[365],"particular":[367],"more":[369,825,854,1184,1248,1253],"adapt":[370],"browsing,":[372,396],"use":[375,922,1130],"technique":[377],"frequently":[378],"find":[380],"both":[383,432,788,1011,1099],"assigned":[384],"self-imposed":[386],"tasks.":[387],"Various":[388],"mechanisms":[389],"have":[390,531,813,1062,1157,1202,1289],"proposed":[392,478,1066],"facilitate":[394],"children's":[395,490,762,774,785,805,816,884,948,962,974,998,1012,1041,1049,1069,1088,1187,1221,1240],"ranging":[397],"alphabetical":[399],"(Large":[401],"2006)":[404],"visual":[408,1131],"subject":[409,1177],"taxonomies":[410,1002],"(Druin,":[411],"2005;":[412],"Large":[413,777,810,1288],"2009),":[416],"virtual":[418,1219,1237,1292],"reality":[419,1220,1238,1293],"(Beheshti,":[421,1317],"Julien,":[423,1319],"2005).":[424,1320],"evaluating":[428,761,883],"pose":[431,793],"theoretical":[433],"practical":[435],"researchers.":[438],"System":[439],"evaluation:":[440],"How":[441],"primarily":[448],"rather":[451],"tested?":[455],"Are":[456],"metrics":[457,589,738],"recall":[460],"precision":[462],"measures":[464],"browsing?":[473],"Is":[474],"framework":[477],"interactive":[480],"(IIR)":[484],"(Borlund,":[485],"2003)":[486],"system?":[491],"User-system":[492],"Children":[494],"do":[495,575],"not":[496,901],"form":[497],"homogenous":[499],"users.":[502],"factors":[504],"Socio-economic":[507],"cultural":[509,1125],"differences":[510],"Sarangthem,":[512,1080],"Bachir,":[513,994,1082],"2008),":[514],"age":[517],"(Large,":[518],"2005)":[519],"affect":[521,952],"interaction":[523,564,975,1050],"IRS.":[526],"Numerous":[527],"seeking":[529],"models":[530,1047,1067],"proposed,":[533],"including":[534,666,973,1173],"Wilson":[535],"(1999),":[536,542],"Bates":[537],"(1989),":[538,544],"Belkin":[539],"(1980),":[540],"Cole":[541],"Ellis":[543],"Marchionini":[545],"(1995),":[546,549],"Savolainen":[548],"core":[551],"deals":[554],"with:":[555],"need,":[557],"searcher's":[558],"characteristics,":[559],"environment,":[561],"three":[567],"entities":[568,577],"(Knight":[569],"Spink,":[571],"What":[573],"role":[574,654],"play":[578],"what":[586,737],"measure":[591],"them?":[592],"Kuhlthau":[593],"(1991,":[594],"2004),":[595],"through":[596,641,660],"her":[597,1147,1200],"observations":[598],"school":[600],"students,":[601],"developed":[602,814,1046,1158],"six-stage":[604],"Searching":[606],"Process":[607,1427],"(ISP)":[608],"model,":[609],"user's":[613],"perspective":[614],"under":[615,1344],"imposed":[617],"task":[618],"(for":[619],"example":[620],"classroom":[622],"project).":[623],"She":[624,645,935,968,1006,1020,1043,1117],"incorporated":[625],"concept":[627],"time":[629],"showed":[631],"students'":[633],"conceptions":[634],"change":[637],"they":[639,658],"progress":[640],"problem.":[644],"emphasized":[646],"affective":[648,680],"factor":[649],"(feelings),":[650],"investigated":[652],"its":[653,830],"users":[656,1194],"moved":[659],"various":[661,1115],"stages":[662],"ISP,":[665,700],"uncertainty":[668],"stage,":[669],"she":[671],"defined":[672],"\u201ca":[674],"state":[676],"commonly":[678],"causes":[679],"symptoms":[681],"anxiety":[683],"lack":[685],"confidence.\u201d":[687],"Uncertainty,":[688],"\u201cnatural":[691],"essential":[693],"constructing":[695,1230],"personal":[696],"knowledge\u201d":[697],"intervention":[704],"allows":[706],"students":[707,849],"advance":[709],"knowledge.":[711],"Can":[712],"constructed":[716,1323],"intervene":[718],"need":[721],"basis":[722],"during":[723],"ISP?":[725],"And":[726],"if":[727],"so,":[728],"how":[729,1269],"would":[730,739],"tested":[735,870,1339],"used":[741,1189],"evaluation?":[743],"panelists":[745],"will":[746,940],"draw":[747],"extensive":[750],"experience":[751],"systems.":[765,1255],"Andrew":[766,776],"Large:":[767],"Experimental":[768],"versus":[769],"operational":[770,791,876],"portal":[775,837,867,1343],"contends":[778],"designing":[781],"developing":[783,1252],"experimental":[789,1345],"researchers,":[796],"each":[799],"offers":[800],"unique":[802],"insight":[803],"into":[804],"reactions":[806],"technologies.":[809],"Beheshti":[812,1226,1286,1356],"web":[817,857,980,1004,1313],"portal,":[818],"History":[819],"Trek":[820],"(www.historytrek.ca),":[821],"attracted":[824],"800,000":[827],"hits":[828],"since":[829,966],"public":[831],"d\u00e9but":[832],"September":[834],"2007.":[835],"was":[838,1322,1338,1372],"created":[839],"intergenerational":[842,1148],"team":[843,1151,1201],"comprising":[844],"adult":[845],"young":[848,1305],"provides":[851,1167],"access":[852],"2,300":[856],"pages":[858],"English":[860],"French":[862],"Canadian":[864],"history.":[865],"actual":[875],"(classroom)":[877],"environments.":[878,1019,1116],"Dania":[879,891],"Bilal:":[880],"Testing":[881,1086,1217,1256],"holistic":[889,963],"frameworks.":[890],"Bilal":[892,958,992],"argues":[893,1118],"working":[895],"only":[902],"rewarding,":[903],"also":[905],"\u201cunique\u201d":[906],"requires":[908],"\u201cspecific\u201d":[909],"abilities":[910],"part":[915],"researcher,":[918],"\u201cappropriate,\u201d":[924],"\u201cinnovative\u201d":[926],"methodologies":[928,1103],"reap":[930],"significant":[931],"results":[932,1059],"benefits.":[934],"comment":[941],"insufficient":[944],"addressing":[947],"behavior,":[949],"cognition,":[950],"design":[955,978,1244],"interfaces.":[957],"studying":[961],"1997.":[967],"published":[970,1444],"several":[971,1170],"studies":[972],"engines":[982],"(e.g.,":[983,991,1078],"Bilal,":[984,1079],"2000,":[985],"International":[987,1053,1160],"Children's":[988,1161],"Library":[990,1056,1163],"2007);":[995],"structures":[1000],"directories.":[1005],"focused":[1008],"unicultural":[1016],"multicultural":[1018],"employed":[1022],"empirical":[1023],"(quantitative)":[1024],"qualitative":[1026,1102],"methods":[1028],"test":[1032,1107],"usability":[1034],"perspectives.":[1042],"Children'":[1054],"(ICDL),":[1057],"led":[1063],"consisting":[1072],"seven":[1074],"modes":[1075],"activities":[1077],"Allison":[1084,1095],"Druin:":[1085],"mobile":[1093],"devices":[1094],"maintains":[1097],"quantitative":[1100],"needed":[1105],"ICDL,":[1113],"regardless":[1121,1278],"diverse":[1124],"backgrounds":[1126],"context,":[1129],"tools":[1132],"browse":[1136],"information,":[1138],"should":[1142,1265],"age-sensitive.":[1144],"interdisciplinary":[1150],"at":[1152,1242,1361,1367,1451],"University":[1154],"Maryland":[1156],"(ICDL)":[1164],"(http://en.childrenslibrary.org/),":[1165],"options,":[1172],"\u2018flatten\u2019":[1175],"hierarchical":[1176],"category":[1178],"easy":[1180],"navigation.":[1181],"ICDL":[1182,1205],"contains":[1183],"4,000":[1186],"books,":[1188],"monthly":[1190],"some":[1192],"100,000":[1193],"150":[1196],"countries.":[1197],"built":[1203],"two":[1204],"applications":[1206],"iPhone":[1209],"one":[1211],"iPad.":[1214],"Jamshid":[1215,1225,1355],"Beheshti:":[1216],"claims":[1227],"when":[1229,1251],"system,":[1233],"library,":[1239],"participation":[1241],"stage":[1245],"far":[1247],"limited":[1249],"equally":[1261],"unconventional.":[1262],"evaluated":[1267],"it":[1272],"transfer":[1274],"child":[1277],"immediate":[1281],"utility":[1282],"information.":[1285],"library":[1294,1330],"(VRLibrary),":[1295],"objective":[1297],"assist":[1302],"adults":[1306],"available":[1310],"educational":[1315],"projects":[1316],"VRLibrary":[1321],"metaphor":[1326],"physical":[1329],"rooms,":[1332],"bookcases":[1333],"books.":[1335],"against":[1340],"conditions,":[1346],"data":[1349],"currently":[1351],"being":[1352],"analyzed.":[1353],"Bio:":[1354],"Associate":[1359,1384],"Professor":[1360],"School":[1363,1379,1430],"Studies":[1366],"McGill":[1368],"University,":[1369],"he":[1371,1437],"appointed":[1373],"Director":[1376],"six":[1381],"years,":[1382],"Dean":[1385,1397],"Faculty":[1388],"Education":[1390],"four":[1392],"year,":[1393],"Interim":[1396],"Faculty.":[1400],"He":[1401],"principal":[1404],"investigator":[1405],"Social":[1408],"Sciences":[1409],"Humanities":[1411],"Council":[1413],"Canada":[1415],"grant":[1416],"Virtual":[1418],"Environments":[1419],"Intervention":[1422],"Agent":[1423],"Information-Seeking":[1426],"Elementary":[1429],"Students.":[1431],"In":[1432],"collaboration":[1433],"his":[1435,1449],"colleagues,":[1436],"obtained":[1439],"grants,":[1442],"widely,":[1445],"presented":[1448],"national":[1452],"international":[1454],"academic":[1455],"professional":[1457],"conferences.":[1458],"Libraries":[1460],"(DL)":[1461],"Human-Computer":[1462],"Interaction":[1463],"(HCI)":[1464],"Needs,":[1466],"Seeking":[1467],"Use":[1469],"(USE)":[1470]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-07T14:30:12.667765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
