{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126000428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcal.70195","title":"Evaluation of Metaverse as a Learning Environment and\u00a0Level of Technology Acceptance: An Engineering Example","display_name":"Evaluation of Metaverse as a Learning Environment and\u00a0Level of Technology Acceptance: An Engineering Example","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126000428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcal.70195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jcal.70195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcal.70195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5743915","display_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","issn_l":"0266-4909","issn":["0266-4909","1365-2729"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028275723","display_name":"\u00dcmit Deniz Ulu\u015far","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-5824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197907453","display_name":"Akdeniz University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m59r132","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Umit Deniz Ulusar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-5824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026568884","display_name":"Deniz \u00d6zel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-001X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197907453","display_name":"Akdeniz University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m59r132","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deniz Ozel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistical Consulting, Application and Research Center Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistical Consulting, Application and Research Center Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072546774","display_name":"Kayra Kur\u015fun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-4910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100577","display_name":"Antalya Bilim University","ror":"https://ror.org/013sqra93","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100577"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayra Kursun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering Antalya Bilim University  Antalya Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Antalya Bilim University  Antalya Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089057052","display_name":"Mert Bayraktar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-7650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197907453","display_name":"Akdeniz University","ror":"https://ror.org/01m59r132","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mert Bayraktar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070415991","display_name":"R. Gabdyssalyk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117727","display_name":"D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xbhbx68","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riza Gabdyssalyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["International School of Engineering East Kazakhstan Technical University  Ust\u2010Kamenogorsk Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School of Engineering East Kazakhstan Technical University  Ust\u2010Kamenogorsk Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117727"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028275723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197907453"],"apc_list":{"value":3760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13557895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9333000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9333000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13565","display_name":"Education and Learning Interventions","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.7376000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish","display_name":"Turkish","score":0.6071000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-theory-of-acceptance-and-use-of-technology","display_name":"Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.5426999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-environment","display_name":"Learning environment","score":0.5145999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectancy-theory","display_name":"Expectancy theory","score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4586000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-education","display_name":"Engineering education","score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-learning-environment","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","score":0.3686999976634979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.7376000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.6071000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780346085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7884986","display_name":"Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology","level":3,"score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.5426999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5336999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778365744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2426689","display_name":"Learning environment","level":2,"score":0.5145999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4586000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66699896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349394","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159456220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667334","display_name":"Instructional design","level":2,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984567223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"E learning","level":3,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158592959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010","display_name":"Blended learning","level":3,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51672120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303446","display_name":"Cooperative learning","level":3,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178624890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056636","display_name":"Instructional simulation","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200380349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290699","display_name":"Situated learning","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152747807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854913","display_name":"Summative assessment","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jcal.70195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcal.70195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5743915","display_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","issn_l":"0266-4909","issn":["0266-4909","1365-2729"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6804232001304626,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1963855787","https://openalex.org/W1984294110","https://openalex.org/W2009555364","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2074748838","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2100379340","https://openalex.org/W2114306298","https://openalex.org/W2168569455","https://openalex.org/W2168627095","https://openalex.org/W2980616108","https://openalex.org/W2999666372","https://openalex.org/W3028479752","https://openalex.org/W3208171278","https://openalex.org/W4213270617","https://openalex.org/W4306353697","https://openalex.org/W4313272305","https://openalex.org/W4381893140","https://openalex.org/W4382520342","https://openalex.org/W4383819630","https://openalex.org/W4386255885","https://openalex.org/W4392958534","https://openalex.org/W4399970829","https://openalex.org/W4400016419","https://openalex.org/W4401614947","https://openalex.org/W4411648130"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Background":[1],"The":[2,15,180,266,293],"use":[3],"of":[4,82,91,95,170,174,197,215,225,295,302,306],"innovative":[5],"technologies":[6],"in":[7,34,37,67,129,143,186,207,229,242,277,309,316],"education":[8,116,125],"has":[9,235],"consistently":[10],"driven":[11],"improved":[12],"learning":[13,44,59,86,187,246,290,311],"experiences.":[14,291],"metaverse,":[16],"a":[17,111,159,183,222],"virtual":[18,25],"space":[19],"combining":[20],"augmented":[21],"reality":[22],"and":[23,42,52,61,88,93,117,126,134,154,162,172,210,248,255,275,287,313],"persistent":[24],"environments,":[26],"is":[27,200],"increasingly":[28],"being":[29],"recognised":[30],"for":[31,189],"its":[32,56,62,314],"potential":[33,304],"education.":[35,318],"Especially":[36],"engineering,":[38,69,231],"where":[39],"hands\u2010on":[40],"experience":[41],"immersive":[43],"are":[45],"essential,":[46],"the":[47,80,83,89,130,141,147,167,190,201,205,211,216,303,307],"metaverse":[48,84,131,260,308],"can":[49,262],"offer":[50],"interactive":[51],"engaging":[53],"opportunities.":[54],"However,":[55],"impact":[57],"on":[58,85,166],"outcomes":[60,87,188,247,312],"acceptance":[63,92,153],"by":[64],"students,":[65],"particularly":[66],"mechanical":[68,100,230,284],"still":[70],"needs":[71],"more":[72],"investigation.":[73],"Purpose":[74],"This":[75,219],"study":[76,199,220,297],"aimed":[77],"to":[78,108,139,271,299],"assess":[79,140],"influence":[81],"level":[90],"usage":[94,155],"this":[96,198,296],"new":[97],"technology":[98,152,249],"among":[99],"engineering":[101,285,317],"students.":[102],"Method":[103],"Participants":[104],"were":[105,137,156],"randomly":[106],"assigned":[107],"two":[109,148],"groups:":[110],"control":[112],"group":[113,120],"receiving":[114],"traditional":[115,124,264],"an":[118,232],"experimental":[119,191],"that":[121,234],"received":[122],"both":[123,245],"supplementary":[127],"training":[128],"environment.":[132],"Pre\u2010test":[133],"post\u2010test":[135],"assessments":[136],"conducted":[138],"change":[142],"knowledge":[144,254],"levels":[145],"between":[146,204],"groups.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"students'":[151,289],"evaluated":[157],"using":[158],"Turkish":[160],"valid":[161],"reliable":[163],"scale":[164],"based":[165],"Unified":[168],"Theory":[169],"Acceptance":[171],"Use":[173],"Technology":[175],"(UTAUT)":[176],"model":[177],"(1,2).":[178],"Findings":[179],"results":[181],"indicated":[182],"substantial":[184],"improvement":[185],"group.":[192],"A":[193],"key":[194],"novel":[195],"finding":[196],"direct":[202],"correlation":[203],"increase":[206],"test":[208],"scores":[209],"effort":[212],"expectancy":[213],"subscale":[214],"UTAUT":[217],"scale.":[218],"offers":[221],"systematic":[223],"evaluation":[224],"metaverse\u2010based":[226,280],"instruction":[227],"specifically":[228],"area":[233],"been":[236],"underexplored.":[237],"Its":[238],"primary":[239],"contribution":[240],"lies":[241],"simultaneously":[243],"measuring":[244],"acceptance,":[250],"therefore":[251],"bridging":[252],"theoretical":[253],"practical":[256],"application,":[257],"highlighting":[258],"how":[259],"environments":[261],"complement":[263],"methods.":[265],"findings":[267,294],"contribute":[268,298],"empirical":[269],"evidence":[270],"guide":[272],"educators,":[273],"policymakers,":[274],"developers":[276],"effectively":[278],"integrating":[279],"tools,":[281],"ultimately":[282],"enriching":[283],"curricula":[286],"enhancing":[288,310],"Conclusion":[292],"our":[300],"understanding":[301],"benefits":[305],"adoption":[315]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
