{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124311494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.70223","title":"A Multimodal Affective Computing Framework for Real\u2010Time Student Engagement Assessment in IoT \u2010Enabled English Classrooms: An Edge\u2010Cloud Collaborative Approach","display_name":"A Multimodal Affective Computing Framework for Real\u2010Time Student Engagement Assessment in IoT \u2010Enabled English Classrooms: An Edge\u2010Cloud Collaborative Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124311494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.70223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/itl2.70223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.70223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238311","display_name":"Internet Technology Letters","issn_l":"2476-1508","issn":["2476-1508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112496431","display_name":"Peirong He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I77396741","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/057cydn08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peirong He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Vocational College of Commerce  Changsha Hunan China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0049-7819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Vocational College of Commerce  Changsha Hunan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112496431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I77396741"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1585,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94655846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.7843999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.7843999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12260","display_name":"Educational Technology and Pedagogy","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5770999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5110999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5012999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-learning","display_name":"Multimodal learning","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.38449999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7372999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5770999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5110999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5016999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5012999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5012000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780660688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052564","display_name":"Multimodal learning","level":2,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173414695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510276","display_name":"Fusion mechanism","level":4,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779789524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16885149","display_name":"Internet video","level":3,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22561748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854954","display_name":"Videoconferencing","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/itl2.70223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.70223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238311","display_name":"Internet Technology Letters","issn_l":"2476-1508","issn":["2476-1508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4351463317871094}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2588843192","https://openalex.org/W2801579581","https://openalex.org/W2963710346","https://openalex.org/W2997258743","https://openalex.org/W3013363049","https://openalex.org/W3014475539","https://openalex.org/W3093524400","https://openalex.org/W4281957530","https://openalex.org/W4376226279","https://openalex.org/W4406360192","https://openalex.org/W4408711044","https://openalex.org/W4408941314","https://openalex.org/W4409098090","https://openalex.org/W4410341020","https://openalex.org/W4412602922","https://openalex.org/W4413971193"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"In":[1,150],"the":[2,8,47,78,84,109,122,126,154,171],"English":[3],"teaching":[4,31],"environment":[5],"driven":[6],"by":[7,39],"Internet":[9],"of":[10,14,50,92],"Things,":[11],"real\u2010time":[12,48,144],"assessment":[13,179],"students'":[15],"emotional":[16],"states":[17],"based":[18,76,107],"on":[19,77,83,108],"video":[20,41,55,94],"data":[21,42,56,161],"is":[22,141,156],"particularly":[23],"crucial":[24],"for":[25,143,158],"understanding":[26],"student":[27,177],"engagement":[28,178],"and":[29,96,100,112,135,146],"improving":[30],"quality.":[32],"Existing":[33],"server\u2010based":[34],"deep":[35],"networks":[36],"are":[37],"limited":[38],"long\u2010distance":[40],"transmission,":[43],"which":[44],"seriously":[45],"restricts":[46],"performance":[49],"sentiment":[51],"analysis.":[52],"Moreover,":[53],"simple":[54],"cannot":[57],"guarantee":[58],"robustness":[59],"in":[60],"complex":[61],"scenes.":[62],"To":[63],"address":[64],"these":[65],"issues,":[66],"this":[67],"paper":[68],"proposes":[69],"a":[70,102],"multimodal":[71,119,133],"fusion":[72,129,134],"emotion":[73,136],"recognition":[74],"framework":[75,173],"edge\u2010cloud":[79],"collaboration":[80],"mechanism.":[81],"Firstly,":[82],"edge":[85,139,164],"node,":[86],"we":[87,124],"exploit":[88],"two":[89],"complementary":[90],"modalities":[91],"data:":[93],"sequences":[95],"facial":[97],"landmark":[98],"sequences,":[99],"design":[101],"lightweight":[103],"dual\u2010stream":[104],"neural":[105],"network":[106,115],"3D":[110],"MobileNetV3":[111],"graph":[113],"convolutional":[114],"to":[116,131],"efficiently":[117],"extract":[118],"features.":[120],"On":[121],"server,":[123],"adopt":[125],"Transformer\u2010based":[127],"cross":[128],"mechanism":[130],"implement":[132],"evaluation.":[137],"The":[138,166],"side":[140],"responsible":[142,157],"preprocessing":[145],"primary":[147],"feature":[148,160],"extraction.":[149],"our":[151],"proposed":[152,172],"framework,":[153],"server":[155],"aggregating":[159],"from":[162],"multiple":[163],"nodes.":[165],"experimental":[167],"results":[168],"indicate":[169],"that":[170],"can":[174],"achieve":[175],"high\u2010precision":[176],"with":[180],"low":[181],"latency.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-01-16T00:00:00"}