{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7082274359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.70131","title":"Joint Optimization of User Association and Power Allocation in Wireless Networks Using a Large Spatio\u2010Temporal Graph Transformer Model","display_name":"Joint Optimization of User Association and Power Allocation in Wireless Networks Using a Large Spatio\u2010Temporal Graph Transformer Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7082274359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.70131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/itl2.70131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.70131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238311","display_name":"Internet Technology Letters","issn_l":"2476-1508","issn":["2476-1508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D. S. Keerthi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2890559060","display_name":"Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara College of Ayurveda and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04bt33m09","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2890559060"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D. S. Keerthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Malnad College of Engineering  Hassan India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Malnad College of Engineering  Hassan India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2890559060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P. Vishwanath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61553790","display_name":"University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur","ror":"https://ror.org/02tjcpt69","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61553790"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Vishwanath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering HKE Society's Sir M Visvesvaraya College of Engineering Raichur  Raichur India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering HKE Society's Sir M Visvesvaraya College of Engineering Raichur  Raichur India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61553790"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kothuri Parashu Ramulu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129773","display_name":"Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03ny67e60","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I4210129773"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kothuri Parashu Ramulu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indur Institute of Engineering and Technology  Ponnal India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indur Institute of Engineering and Technology  Ponnal India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129773"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gopinath Anjinappa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83737708","display_name":"REVA University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gtcxd54","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83737708"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopinath Anjinappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering REVA University  Bengaluru India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering REVA University  Bengaluru India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83737708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hirald Dwaraka Praveena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8785-3684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170558118","display_name":"Sri Venkateswara University","ror":"https://ror.org/05weahn72","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170558118"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirald Dwaraka Praveena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, School of Engineering Mohan Babu University (Erstwhile Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering\u00a0College)  Tirupati India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, School of Engineering Mohan Babu University (Erstwhile Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering\u00a0College)  Tirupati India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170558118"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2890559060"],"apc_list":{"value":2630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2630},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66570077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.7188000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.7188000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.029200000688433647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.015200000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.40860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7031000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072483","display_name":"Channel allocation schemes","level":3,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985793214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274096","display_name":"Utility maximization","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/itl2.70131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/itl2.70131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238311","display_name":"Internet Technology Letters","issn_l":"2476-1508","issn":["2476-1508"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Internet Technology Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7436949610710144,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4221150242","https://openalex.org/W4289821653","https://openalex.org/W4320917939","https://openalex.org/W4321787362","https://openalex.org/W4385486200","https://openalex.org/W4392041106","https://openalex.org/W4392309013","https://openalex.org/W4394564241","https://openalex.org/W4411298236"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2,45],"era,":[3],"Wireless":[4],"Communication":[5],"Networks":[6],"(WCNs)":[7],"need":[8],"dynamic":[9],"and":[10,19,25,41,62,77,92,99,124,169,178],"adaptive":[11,105],"resource":[12],"allocation":[13,21,64],"approaches":[14,32],"to":[15,35,57,103,128,158],"handle":[16],"user":[17,60],"association":[18,61],"power":[20,63,125],"specifically":[22],"under":[23],"multi\u2010connectivity":[24],"diverse":[26],"traffic":[27,98],"conditions.":[28],"However,":[29],"the":[30,69,133,150,161],"conventional":[31],"struggle":[33],"due":[34],"high":[36],"computational":[37],"cost,":[38],"poor":[39],"adaptability,":[40],"limited":[42],"generalization.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"research":[46],"proposes":[47],"a":[48,79,107,114],"large":[49],"Spatio\u2010Temporal":[50,93],"Graph":[51,84],"Transformer\u2010based":[52],"Reinforcement":[53],"Learning":[54],"(STGT\u2010RL)":[55],"model":[56,134],"jointly":[58],"optimize":[59],"in":[65,120,172],"large\u2010scale":[66],"WCNs.":[67],"Initially,":[68],"network":[70],"topology":[71],"is":[72,111,135],"designed":[73],"using":[74,138],"graph":[75],"representations":[76],"incorporates":[78],"hybrid":[80],"encoder":[81],"that":[82,118,160],"integrates":[83],"Transformers":[85,94],"for":[86,95],"spatial":[87],"user\u2010Base":[88],"Station":[89],"(BS)":[90],"relationships":[91],"capturing":[96],"time\u2010varying":[97],"channel":[100],"states.":[101],"Further,":[102],"ensure":[104],"decision\u2010making,":[106],"Transformer\u2010RL":[108],"policy":[109,131,147],"agent":[110],"trained":[112,137],"through":[113],"multi\u2010objective":[115],"reward":[116],"function":[117],"assists":[119],"balancing":[121],"throughput":[122],"maximization":[123],"efficiency.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"enable":[129],"stable":[130],"learning,":[132],"initially":[136],"high\u2010quality":[139],"supervision":[140],"from":[141],"CRFSMA\u2010generated":[142],"labels,":[143],"followed":[144],"by":[145],"reinforcement\u2010based":[146],"refinement.":[148],"Hence,":[149],"experimental":[151],"results":[152],"are":[153],"simulated":[154],"on":[155],"WCN":[156],"environments":[157],"demonstrate":[159],"proposed":[162],"STGT\u2010RL":[163],"significantly":[164],"outperforms":[165],"baseline":[166],"deep":[167],"learning":[168],"heuristic\u2010based":[170],"methods":[171],"terms":[173],"of":[174],"throughput,":[175],"energy":[176],"efficiency,":[177],"fairness.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-11T23:18:09.558992","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}