{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041709867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.4550030205","title":"On the discovery of mathematical concepts","display_name":"On the discovery of mathematical concepts","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041709867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.4550030205","mag":"2041709867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/int.4550030205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.4550030205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100902358","display_name":"Susan L. Epstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. L. Epstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39694355","https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100902358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I39694355"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17995392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"167","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7276291251182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.6194245219230652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5930680632591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipartite-graph","display_name":"Bipartite graph","score":0.5611501932144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5013203620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.4725717604160309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4698309600353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4526505172252655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4312295615673065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.4263533353805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.411579430103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3347383141517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2229597568511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10537987947463989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7276291251182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.6194245219230652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5930680632591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197657726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174733","display_name":"Bipartite graph","level":3,"score":0.5611501932144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5013203620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4725717604160309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4698309600353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4526505172252655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4312295615673065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.4263533353805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.411579430103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3347383141517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2229597568511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10537987947463989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/int.4550030205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.4550030205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W866674215","https://openalex.org/W1483128843","https://openalex.org/W1484040084","https://openalex.org/W1527883571","https://openalex.org/W1528368796","https://openalex.org/W1568471789","https://openalex.org/W1600175013","https://openalex.org/W2112824158","https://openalex.org/W2146600388","https://openalex.org/W2316166351","https://openalex.org/W2335322260","https://openalex.org/W2799004609","https://openalex.org/W4244340606","https://openalex.org/W6604624375","https://openalex.org/W6607035261","https://openalex.org/W6628784867","https://openalex.org/W6628835958","https://openalex.org/W6631494991","https://openalex.org/W6634126232","https://openalex.org/W6635948202","https://openalex.org/W6676824662","https://openalex.org/W6681705611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360498343","https://openalex.org/W2347583180","https://openalex.org/W2521742538","https://openalex.org/W4285355253","https://openalex.org/W1576480452","https://openalex.org/W2963740994","https://openalex.org/W2104410318","https://openalex.org/W2389510889","https://openalex.org/W2376977697","https://openalex.org/W2764402181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Graph":[1],"Theorist":[2],"(GT)":[3],"is":[4,38,76],"a":[5,39,45,102,106,160],"system":[6],"intended":[7],"to":[8,21,93,100,149],"perform":[9],"mathematical":[10,24],"research":[11],"in":[12,30],"graph":[13],"theory.":[14],"This":[15],"paper":[16],"focuses":[17],"upon":[18],"GT's":[19,168],"ability":[20],"discover":[22],"new":[23,36,50,90],"concepts":[25,51,91,124,169],"by":[26,79,84],"varying":[27],"the":[28,49,54,60,67,117,146,156],"definitions":[29],"its":[31,153],"input":[32,135],"knowledge":[33,98,108,113,154],"base.":[34,109,155],"Each":[35],"definition":[37,118],"correct":[40],"and":[41,66,83,130],"complete":[42],"generator":[43],"for":[44,145,165],"class":[46],"of":[47,56,62,69,97,119,167],"graphs.":[48,132],"arise":[52],"from":[53],"specialization":[55],"an":[57,63,95,111,134],"existing":[58,64,73],"concept,":[59,65,136],"generalization":[61],"merger":[68],"two":[70],"or":[71,99],"more":[72],"concepts.":[74],"Discovery":[75],"driven":[77],"both":[78],"examples":[80],"(specific":[81],"graphs)":[82],"definitional":[85],"form":[86],"(algorithms).":[87],"GT":[88,121,140],"explores":[89],"either":[92],"develop":[94],"area":[96],"link":[101],"newly-acquired":[103],"concept":[104],"into":[105,152],"pre-existing":[107],"From":[110],"initial":[112],"base":[114],"containing":[115],"only":[116],"\u201cgraph,\u201d":[120],"discovers":[122,141],"such":[123,137],"as":[125,138],"acyclic":[126],"graphs,":[127],"connected":[128],"graphs":[129],"bipartite":[131],"Given":[133],"\u201cstar,\u201d":[139],"\u201ctrees\u201d":[142],"while":[143],"searching":[144],"appropriate":[147],"links":[148],"integrate":[150],"star":[151],"discovery":[157],"processes":[158],"construct":[159],"semantic":[161],"net":[162],"linking":[163],"frames":[164],"all":[166],"together.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}