{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002412766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060212","title":"Using light to probe the brain: Intrinsic signal optical imaging","display_name":"Using light to probe the brain: Intrinsic signal optical imaging","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002412766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060212","mag":"2002412766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ima.1850060212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087504327","display_name":"Ron D. Frostig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8379-3461"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ron D. Frostig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychobiology, UCI, Irvine, CA 92717-4550"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychobiology, UCI, Irvine, CA 92717-4550","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018391871","display_name":"Susan A. Masino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4237-4900"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan A. Masino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychobiology, UCI, Irvine, CA 92717-4550"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychobiology, UCI, Irvine, CA 92717-4550","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069446002","display_name":"Mike C. Kwon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike C. Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychobiology, UCI, Irvine, CA 92717-4550"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychobiology, UCI, Irvine, CA 92717-4550","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032099922","display_name":"Cynthia H. Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia H. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychobiology, UCI, Irvine, CA 92717-4550"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychobiology, UCI, Irvine, CA 92717-4550","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087504327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59536813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2-3","first_page":"216","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6157636046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6127254366874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-imaging","display_name":"Optical imaging","score":0.6109082698822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"Neuroimaging","score":0.558295488357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-imaging","display_name":"Functional imaging","score":0.4500218331813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-brain-imaging","display_name":"Functional Brain Imaging","score":0.44836777448654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44673842191696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cortex","display_name":"Visual cortex","score":0.4345897138118744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.42255303263664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.41037318110466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4037734866142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39488667249679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3934052884578705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.27186352014541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13932055234909058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6157636046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6127254366874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92630104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115103","display_name":"Optical imaging","level":2,"score":0.6109082698822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.558295488357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182752723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474590","display_name":"Functional imaging","level":2,"score":0.4500218331813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911163904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474590","display_name":"Functional Brain Imaging","level":3,"score":0.44836777448654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44673842191696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.4345897138118744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.42255303263664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.41037318110466003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4037734866142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39488667249679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3934052884578705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27186352014541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13932055234909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ima.1850060212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160899559","https://openalex.org/W191413725","https://openalex.org/W368662122","https://openalex.org/W369991304","https://openalex.org/W1561541164","https://openalex.org/W1824891275","https://openalex.org/W1905904015","https://openalex.org/W1941392759","https://openalex.org/W1951259116","https://openalex.org/W1951338962","https://openalex.org/W1953519581","https://openalex.org/W1976436058","https://openalex.org/W1988464122","https://openalex.org/W1992729006","https://openalex.org/W2002045793","https://openalex.org/W2002660165","https://openalex.org/W2003912106","https://openalex.org/W2007494471","https://openalex.org/W2015003581","https://openalex.org/W2016151315","https://openalex.org/W2034219019","https://openalex.org/W2035681860","https://openalex.org/W2035753658","https://openalex.org/W2038470705","https://openalex.org/W2039633420","https://openalex.org/W2045855320","https://openalex.org/W2053356496","https://openalex.org/W2061393851","https://openalex.org/W2066057233","https://openalex.org/W2071714163","https://openalex.org/W2072227605","https://openalex.org/W2077109766","https://openalex.org/W2089858428","https://openalex.org/W2125544886","https://openalex.org/W2129410798","https://openalex.org/W2134749604","https://openalex.org/W2159774172","https://openalex.org/W2198062837","https://openalex.org/W2253776861","https://openalex.org/W2299918987","https://openalex.org/W2429658542","https://openalex.org/W3025597231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091553796","https://openalex.org/W81148977","https://openalex.org/W2468925684","https://openalex.org/W3092436412","https://openalex.org/W2374113129","https://openalex.org/W2360826809","https://openalex.org/W1528882368","https://openalex.org/W4321143914","https://openalex.org/W2794547321","https://openalex.org/W2603409505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"theory":[2],"and":[3,43,71,74,80],"application":[4],"of":[5,48,58,62,76,83],"intrinsic":[6],"signal":[7,33],"optical":[8],"imaging":[9,15,34,78],"is":[10,17],"described.":[11],"This":[12],"in":[13,36,65],"vivo":[14],"method":[16,79],"based":[18],"on":[19],"capturing":[20],"small":[21],"activity\u2010related":[22],"reflectance":[23],"changes":[24],"from":[25],"the":[26,37,46,49,56,59,63,72],"illuminated":[27],"brain":[28],"with":[29],"sensitive":[30],"cameras.":[31],"Intrinsic":[32],"excels":[35],"spatial":[38],"domain":[39],"(\u223c50":[40],"\u03bc":[41],"m)":[42],"thus":[44],"enables":[45],"visualization":[47],"small,":[50],"repeated":[51],"functional":[52,60],"domains":[53],"that":[54],"are":[55,69,85],"basis":[57],"organization":[61],"cortex":[64],"mammals.":[66],"Recent":[67],"developments":[68],"described,":[70],"advantages":[73],"limitations":[75],"this":[77],"its":[81],"relevance":[82],"fMRI":[84],"discussed.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
