{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2153068964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060211","title":"High\u2010temporal\u2010resolution studies of the human primary visual cortex at 4 T: Teasing out the oxygenation contribution in FMRI","display_name":"High\u2010temporal\u2010resolution studies of the human primary visual cortex at 4 T: Teasing out the oxygenation contribution in FMRI","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2153068964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060211","mag":"2153068964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ima.1850060211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012883431","display_name":"Ravi S. Menon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-0263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105758","display_name":"Robarts Clinical Trials","ror":"https://ror.org/01e36dv41","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732","https://openalex.org/I4210105758","https://openalex.org/I4405252475"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ravi S. Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["John P. Robarts Research Institute, Advanced Imaging Group, P.O. Box 5015, 100 Perth Drive, London, Ontario N6A 5KB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"John P. Robarts Research Institute, Advanced Imaging Group, P.O. Box 5015, 100 Perth Drive, London, Ontario N6A 5KB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100805745","display_name":"Seiji Ogawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seiji Ogawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biological Computation Research Department, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biological Computation Research Department, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054800712","display_name":"K\u00e2mil U\u01e7urbil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8475-9334"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K\u00e2mil U\u01e7urbil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 385, East River Rd., Minneapolis MN 55455, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 385, East River Rd., Minneapolis MN 55455, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012883431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105758"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76919758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2-3","first_page":"209","last_page":"215"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11304","display_name":"Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cortex","display_name":"Visual cortex","score":0.6232566237449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.6108015179634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygenation","display_name":"Oxygenation","score":0.5985012650489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barrel-cortex","display_name":"Barrel cortex","score":0.5551095008850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deoxygenation","display_name":"Deoxygenation","score":0.5508185625076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-oxygen-level-dependent","display_name":"Blood-oxygen-level dependent","score":0.5393531322479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","score":0.4857249855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-volume","display_name":"Blood volume","score":0.47329941391944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photic-stimulation","display_name":"Photic Stimulation","score":0.470114141702652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemodynamics","display_name":"Hemodynamics","score":0.4604661166667938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.4473617374897003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-constant","display_name":"Time constant","score":0.4429715871810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-oxygenation","display_name":"Blood oxygenation","score":0.42224985361099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.4198024272918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.4025430381298065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.3915949761867523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.29735738039016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"Visual perception","score":0.2643720805644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.25950515270233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20698857307434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.20201930403709412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19127556681632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.15105274319648743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785","display_name":"Visual cortex","level":2,"score":0.6232566237449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6108015179634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70289976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143603","display_name":"Oxygenation","level":2,"score":0.5985012650489807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781347215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4863332","display_name":"Barrel cortex","level":3,"score":0.5551095008850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779778602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5260068","display_name":"Deoxygenation","level":3,"score":0.5508185625076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780238834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796855","display_name":"Blood-oxygen-level dependent","level":3,"score":0.5393531322479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.4857249855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37557685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896673","display_name":"Blood volume","level":2,"score":0.47329941391944885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908832724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187600","display_name":"Photic Stimulation","level":4,"score":0.470114141702652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178853913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Hemodynamics","level":2,"score":0.4604661166667938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4473617374897003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81370116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249","display_name":"Time constant","level":2,"score":0.4429715871810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017539923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140495","display_name":"Blood oxygenation","level":3,"score":0.42224985361099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4198024272918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.4025430381298065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.3915949761867523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.29735738039016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.2643720805644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25950515270233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20698857307434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20201930403709412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19127556681632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.15105274319648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ima.1850060211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589773091","https://openalex.org/W1877039610","https://openalex.org/W1967009686","https://openalex.org/W1970124993","https://openalex.org/W1987081043","https://openalex.org/W1992729006","https://openalex.org/W1993303421","https://openalex.org/W1997161516","https://openalex.org/W1997232604","https://openalex.org/W2002389309","https://openalex.org/W2002660165","https://openalex.org/W2003072493","https://openalex.org/W2005319430","https://openalex.org/W2007494471","https://openalex.org/W2008222742","https://openalex.org/W2013713875","https://openalex.org/W2014875176","https://openalex.org/W2016151315","https://openalex.org/W2028343350","https://openalex.org/W2035753658","https://openalex.org/W2036158578","https://openalex.org/W2037945327","https://openalex.org/W2041491518","https://openalex.org/W2044704205","https://openalex.org/W2049409221","https://openalex.org/W2050717100","https://openalex.org/W2063647875","https://openalex.org/W2067772873","https://openalex.org/W2071714163","https://openalex.org/W2075103357","https://openalex.org/W2077109766","https://openalex.org/W2079716456","https://openalex.org/W2079842952","https://openalex.org/W2081644951","https://openalex.org/W2085061927","https://openalex.org/W2088470647","https://openalex.org/W2088562154","https://openalex.org/W2088774650","https://openalex.org/W2090198804","https://openalex.org/W2103681669","https://openalex.org/W2108117677","https://openalex.org/W2123844051","https://openalex.org/W2126714749","https://openalex.org/W2162927225","https://openalex.org/W2170117095","https://openalex.org/W2188142799","https://openalex.org/W3025597231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072514780","https://openalex.org/W2087744429","https://openalex.org/W2369472375","https://openalex.org/W1716034171","https://openalex.org/W4220877402","https://openalex.org/W2090198804","https://openalex.org/W3164684770","https://openalex.org/W2074523896","https://openalex.org/W2033400934","https://openalex.org/W2094328248"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,24,190],"examined":[2],"the":[3,31,42,47,50,58,61,67,139,142,193],"EPI":[4],"time":[5,52,91,99,146,194],"course":[6,53,92],"in":[7,39,49,60,81,105,149,162,172,181,188],"functional":[8],"MR":[9],"imaging":[10],"at":[11],"4":[12],"T":[13],"from":[14],"cortical":[15,175],"gray":[16],"matter,":[17],"local":[18,62,206],"draining":[19,44,121],"veins,":[20],"and":[21,41,83,199],"venous":[22],"sinuses.":[23],"found":[25],"a":[26,72,97,127,133,164],"small":[27],"temporal":[28],"shift":[29],"between":[30,196],"initial":[32],"hyperoxygenation":[33],"blood":[34,182],"oxygen":[35,197,208],"level\u2010dependent":[36],"(BOLD)":[37],"response":[38,106],"tissue":[40,51,89,207],"larger":[43],"veins.":[45],"However,":[46],"fluctuations":[48,59],"showed":[54,125],"strong":[55],"similarity":[56],"with":[57,153,157],"veins":[63,122],"when":[64,110],"shifted":[65],"by":[66,178],"appropriate":[68],"lag,":[69],"suggesting":[70],"that":[71],"large":[73],"amount":[74],"of":[75,135,141,211],"this":[76],"apparent":[77],"\u201cnoise\u201d":[78],"is":[79,185],"hemodynamic":[80],"nature":[82],"not":[84],"related":[85],"to":[86,95,107,170,202],"motion.":[87],"The":[88],"BOLD":[90],"was":[93,114],"observed":[94],"display":[96],"biphasic":[98],"dependence":[100],"(first":[101],"negative,":[102],"then":[103],"positive)":[104],"photic":[108],"stimulation":[109],"substantial":[111],"intersubject":[112],"averaging":[113],"performed.":[115],"Other":[116],"areas,":[117],"including":[118],"those":[119],"where":[120],"are":[123,148],"visible,":[124],"only":[126],"monophasic":[128],"(positive)":[129],"signal":[130],"change,":[131],"reaching":[132],"maximum":[134],"about":[136,212],"6%":[137],"after":[138],"onset":[140],"visual":[143],"stimulus.":[144],"These":[145],"constants":[147],"very":[150],"good":[151],"agreement":[152],"published":[154],"data":[155],"obtained":[156],"intrinsic":[158],"optical":[159],"mapping":[160],"techniques,":[161],"which":[163,184],"deoxygenation":[165],"phase":[166],"has":[167],"been":[168],"shown":[169],"occur":[171],"functionally":[173],"specific":[174],"columns,":[176],"followed":[177],"an":[179],"increase":[180,201],"volume":[183],"more":[186],"distributed":[187],"nature.":[189],"can":[191],"use":[192],"lag":[195],"demand":[198],"flow":[200],"estimate":[203],"stimulus":[204],"induced":[205],"extraction":[209],"increases":[210],"11%.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}