{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166928091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060105","title":"Imaging in three\u2010dimensional conformal radiation therapy","display_name":"Imaging in three\u2010dimensional conformal radiation therapy","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166928091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060105","mag":"2166928091"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ima.1850060105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041943880","display_name":"Radhe Mohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3746-4557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Radhe Mohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061450528","display_name":"L. N. Rothenberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Rothenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060745131","display_name":"Lawrence Reinstien","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Reinstien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112990706","display_name":"C. Clifton Ling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334819555","display_name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02yrq0923","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Clifton Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041943880"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334819555"],"apc_list":{"value":3450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3450},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26429192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"14","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-treatment-planning","display_name":"Radiation treatment planning","score":0.6968676447868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6472411751747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-therapy","display_name":"Radiation therapy","score":0.6076067686080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.49694016575813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47577276825904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46331074833869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.459104061126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.43485429883003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4335963726043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-map","display_name":"Conformal map","score":0.42566049098968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.4092712998390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.32977020740509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.31969648599624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1130450963973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.09112250804901123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201645570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830637","display_name":"Radiation treatment planning","level":3,"score":0.6968676447868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6472411751747131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.6076067686080933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.49694016575813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47577276825904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46331074833869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.459104061126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.43485429883003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4335963726043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98214594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850275","display_name":"Conformal map","level":2,"score":0.42566049098968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.4092712998390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32977020740509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.31969648599624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1130450963973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.09112250804901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ima.1850060105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.1850060105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15952048","display_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","issn_l":"0899-9457","issn":["0899-9457","1098-1098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968422461","https://openalex.org/W1979224967","https://openalex.org/W1984651023","https://openalex.org/W1989169202","https://openalex.org/W1999329929","https://openalex.org/W2005075988","https://openalex.org/W2008292566","https://openalex.org/W2010733840","https://openalex.org/W2013058506","https://openalex.org/W2020982398","https://openalex.org/W2032973995","https://openalex.org/W2035289188","https://openalex.org/W2038071257","https://openalex.org/W2038195858","https://openalex.org/W2038584908","https://openalex.org/W2039731879","https://openalex.org/W2046911213","https://openalex.org/W2049084965","https://openalex.org/W2050081320","https://openalex.org/W2053794285","https://openalex.org/W2058333183","https://openalex.org/W2067232897","https://openalex.org/W2068325458","https://openalex.org/W2072213949","https://openalex.org/W2080823042","https://openalex.org/W2085024347","https://openalex.org/W2085302812","https://openalex.org/W2116871808","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2149839062","https://openalex.org/W2151297710","https://openalex.org/W2152663347","https://openalex.org/W2153781194","https://openalex.org/W2171475283","https://openalex.org/W2328513034","https://openalex.org/W3004324868","https://openalex.org/W3202415018","https://openalex.org/W4250884848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234886518","https://openalex.org/W2389591058","https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W2486541857","https://openalex.org/W2382112581","https://openalex.org/W3124036233","https://openalex.org/W2108840191","https://openalex.org/W2759366996","https://openalex.org/W2354081742","https://openalex.org/W3124914020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"By":[1],"and":[2,21,29,128,136,139,150,220,224,227,309,317,333,342,349,353],"large,":[3],"radiation":[4,36,85,119,168,237,253,285],"therapy":[5,120],"is":[6,93,178,239,314,331],"a":[7,42,161,249,261,281],"noninvasive":[8],"method":[9],"of":[10,13,17,23,53,58,102,106,116,132,143,165,209,216,235,242,252,301,303,306,325,337,345,351],"the":[11,18,24,30,47,114,130,133,141,144,148,152,172,213,217,240,246,273,295,299,304,323,346],"treatment":[12,145,308],"cancer":[14,54],"requiring":[15],"knowledge":[16],"precise":[19],"location":[20],"extent":[22,131],"disease":[25,149],"to":[26,32,77,84,96,154,167,180,190,201,211,267,280,291,361,364],"be":[27,33,292],"destroyed":[28],"organs":[31],"protected":[34],"from":[35,99,109,175,204,327],"damage.":[37],"Images":[38,123],"have":[39],"always":[40],"played":[41],"central":[43],"role":[44],"in":[45,146,245,260,284,340,359],"providing":[46],"requisite":[48],"information":[49,108,174,203],"for":[50,126,248],"this":[51],"mode":[52],"treatment.":[55],"Different":[56],"types":[57,101],"images,":[59,176],"such":[60,192],"as":[61,87,89,194],"computed":[62],"tomography":[63],"(CT);":[64],"magnetic":[65],"resonance":[66],"imaging":[67,329,341],"(MRI),":[68],"positron":[69],"emission":[70],"tomographic":[71,110],"(PET),":[72],"simulator,":[73],"etc.,":[74],"are":[75,124,278,358],"used":[76],"varying":[78],"degrees":[79],"depending":[80],"upon":[81],"their":[82,90,354],"relevance":[83],"oncology":[86],"well":[88],"accessibility.":[91],"It":[92],"often":[94],"necessary":[95,179],"merge":[97],"data":[98,230,265,326],"various":[100,182,205,296,328],"images.":[103],"The":[104],"availability":[105],"three\u2010dimensional":[107,117,262],"images":[111,210,277,313],"has":[112,160],"allowed":[113],"introduction":[115],"conformal":[118],"(3DCRT)":[121],"methods.":[122],"employed":[125,279],"diagnosing":[127],"establishing":[129],"disease,":[134],"planning":[135,236],"delivery":[137],"treatments,":[138],"evaluating":[140],"effectiveness":[142],"controlling":[147],"assessing":[151],"damage":[153],"normal":[155,221,310],"tissues.":[156],"Each":[157],"image":[158,183,196,199,264],"type":[159],"unique":[162],"informational":[163],"content":[164],"importance":[166],"oncology.":[169],"To":[170],"extract":[171,212],"maximum":[173],"it":[177],"employ":[181],"processing":[184],"tools.":[185],"These":[186],"tools":[187],"allow":[188],"us":[189],"perform":[191],"functions":[193],"(1)":[195],"enhancement;":[197],"(2)":[198],"correlation":[200],"register":[202],"images;":[206],"(3)":[207],"segmentation":[208],"surface":[214],"outlines":[215],"tumor":[218],"volume":[219,305],"anatomic":[222],"structures;":[223],"(4)":[225],"two\u2010":[226],"three":[228],"dimensional":[229],"visualization.":[231],"One":[232],"important":[233],"aspect":[234],"treatments":[238],"computation":[241],"dose":[243],"distribution":[244],"patient":[247],"proposed":[250],"configuration":[251],"beams.":[254],"This":[255],"step":[256],"requires":[257],"tracing":[258],"rays":[259],"CT":[263],"set":[266],"compute":[268],"radiologic":[269],"path":[270],"lengths":[271],"through":[272],"patient's":[274],"body.":[275],"Although":[276],"great":[282],"advantage":[283],"oncology,":[286],"many":[287],"problems":[288],"still":[289],"remain":[290],"solved.":[293],"Of":[294],"3DCRT":[297],"tasks,":[298],"outlining":[300],"contours":[302],"intended":[307],"anatomy":[311],"on":[312],"highly":[315],"labor\u2010intensive":[316],"fraught":[318],"with":[319],"uncertainty.":[320],"In":[321],"addition,":[322],"integration":[324],"modalities":[330],"difficult":[332],"error":[334],"prone":[335],"because":[336,344],"distortions":[338],"inherent":[339],"also":[343],"motion,":[347],"deformation,":[348],"displacement":[350],"patients":[352],"internal":[355],"anatomy.":[356],"Investigations":[357],"progress":[360],"find":[362],"solutions":[363],"these":[365],"problems.":[366]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}