{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064199367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460050510","title":"Variable bit\u2010rate CELP coding of speech with phonetic classification","display_name":"Variable bit\u2010rate CELP coding of speech with phonetic classification","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064199367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460050510","mag":"2064199367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ett.4460050510","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460050510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917101","display_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","issn_l":"1124-318X","issn":["1124-318X","1541-8251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058946244","display_name":"E. Paksoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erdal Paksoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Information Processing Research Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 - U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Information Processing Research Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 - U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016272725","display_name":"A. Gersho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allen Gersho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Information Processing Research Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 - U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Information Processing Research Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 - U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687796","display_name":"K. Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7307-7434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149737","display_name":"Institute of Super Compression Technologies (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hzgh473","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149737"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnaswamy Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Information Processing Research Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 - U.S.A","K. Srinivasan is currently with Advanced Compression Technology, Inc., Simi Valley, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Information Processing Research Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 - U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"K. Srinivasan is currently with Advanced Compression Technology, Inc., Simi Valley, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78521831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"591","last_page":"602"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-excited-linear-prediction","display_name":"Code-excited linear prediction","score":0.8247388601303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7648041248321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7237415313720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-vector-excitation-coding","display_name":"Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding","score":0.6874970197677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codec2","display_name":"Codec2","score":0.6687285900115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-coding","display_name":"Speech coding","score":0.6404505372047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.6087819337844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-predictive-coding","display_name":"Linear predictive coding","score":0.5800679326057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4973025619983673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-rate","display_name":"Bit rate","score":0.47634628415107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psqm","display_name":"PSQM","score":0.45567426085472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-rate","display_name":"Full Rate","score":0.45305269956588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-sum-excited-linear-prediction","display_name":"Vector sum excited linear prediction","score":0.4477602243423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4310225546360016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4136589467525482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.3325696587562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23825064301490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1412867307662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08054307103157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07900217175483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.07615205645561218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105964291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856184","display_name":"Code-excited linear prediction","level":4,"score":0.8247388601303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7648041248321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7237415313720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80167644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463990","display_name":"Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding","level":3,"score":0.6874970197677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75217168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105653","display_name":"Codec2","level":4,"score":0.6687285900115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.6404505372047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.6087819337844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59883199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826438","display_name":"Linear predictive coding","level":3,"score":0.5800679326057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4973025619983673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987812609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194158","display_name":"Bit rate","level":2,"score":0.47634628415107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108699837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7120750","display_name":"PSQM","level":4,"score":0.45567426085472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197477341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532845","display_name":"Full Rate","level":3,"score":0.45305269956588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138807605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7917845","display_name":"Vector sum excited linear prediction","level":5,"score":0.4477602243423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4310225546360016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4136589467525482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.3325696587562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23825064301490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1412867307662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08054307103157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07900217175483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.07615205645561218}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ett.4460050510","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460050510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917101","display_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","issn_l":"1124-318X","issn":["1124-318X","1541-8251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47032238","https://openalex.org/W182621055","https://openalex.org/W1597277467","https://openalex.org/W1823186822","https://openalex.org/W1917878880","https://openalex.org/W1961585007","https://openalex.org/W1965509216","https://openalex.org/W2026813018","https://openalex.org/W2112911062","https://openalex.org/W2125449350","https://openalex.org/W2127187487","https://openalex.org/W2129826787","https://openalex.org/W2136876682","https://openalex.org/W2137384275","https://openalex.org/W2141724652","https://openalex.org/W2145202538","https://openalex.org/W2147282451","https://openalex.org/W2147853318","https://openalex.org/W2151626637","https://openalex.org/W2160347360","https://openalex.org/W2397786702","https://openalex.org/W2475433019","https://openalex.org/W2540373761","https://openalex.org/W6635487840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159307410","https://openalex.org/W2060409740","https://openalex.org/W2350749055","https://openalex.org/W1551277881","https://openalex.org/W2395467354","https://openalex.org/W2135636570","https://openalex.org/W2092228680","https://openalex.org/W2377531470","https://openalex.org/W2170800460","https://openalex.org/W2004662984"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1,13],"variable":[2],"bit\u2010rate":[3,95],"speech":[4,23,31,91,113],"coder":[5],"intended":[6],"for":[7,112],"digital":[8],"cellular":[9],"applications":[10],"is":[11,18,32,48,123],"described.":[12],"voice":[14,57,103],"activity":[15,58,104],"detection":[16],"algorithm":[17,67,130],"used":[19],"to":[20,35,56,69,125,136],"distinguish":[21,36],"active":[22,30],"from":[24],"background":[25],"noise.":[26],"Each":[27,45],"frame":[28,47],"of":[29,51,72,106],"further":[33],"classified":[34],"between":[37],"three":[38],"phonetic":[39,60],"categories:":[40],"voiced,":[41],"unvoiced,":[42],"and":[43,59,62,116],"onset.":[44],"input":[46],"assigned":[49],"one":[50],"five":[52],"bit":[53,140],"rates":[54],"according":[55],"classification":[61],"coded":[63],"using":[64],"an":[65,93],"analysis\u2010by\u2010synthesis":[66],"tailored":[68],"the":[70,73,126],"needs":[71],"class":[74],"that":[75,122],"it":[76],"belongs":[77],"to.":[78],"The":[79],"resulting":[80],"coder,":[81],"called":[82],"Variable":[83],"Rate":[84],"Phonetic":[85],"Segmentation":[86],",":[87],"produces":[88],"good":[89],"quality":[90,110],"at":[92,133],"average":[94,139],"below":[96],"3":[97],"kbit/s":[98],"when":[99],"operating":[100,132],"with":[101],"a":[102,120,134],"factor":[105],"0.5.":[107],"Informal":[108],"subjective":[109],"assessment":[111],"in":[114],"clean":[115],"noisy":[117],"backgrounds":[118],"indicates":[119],"performance":[121],"comparable":[124],"TIA":[127],"standard":[128],"QCELP":[129],"while":[131],"25%":[135],"40%":[137],"lower":[138],"rate.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
