{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019420760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460040619","title":"Passive Optical Networks \u2010 Deployment and Evolutionary Potential","display_name":"Passive Optical Networks \u2010 Deployment and Evolutionary Potential","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019420760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460040619","mag":"2019420760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ett.4460040619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460040619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917101","display_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","issn_l":"1124-318X","issn":["1124-318X","1541-8251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082466406","display_name":"D.W. Faulkner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Faulkner","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath Suffolk, IP5 7RE, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath Suffolk, IP5 7RE, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079771114","display_name":"J.R. Stern","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Stern","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath Suffolk, IP5 7RE, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath Suffolk, IP5 7RE, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090530714","display_name":"P.B. Frost","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Frost","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath Suffolk, IP5 7RE, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath Suffolk, IP5 7RE, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055256300","display_name":"Andrew Cook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-439X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14689143","display_name":"BT Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03308db07","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012","https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath Suffolk, IP5 7RE, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Laboratories, Martlesham Heath Suffolk, IP5 7RE, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14689143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13766722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"6","first_page":"691","last_page":"694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9472000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.825714111328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.8014243841171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restructuring","display_name":"Restructuring","score":0.6908221244812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6247208714485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5648308992385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4897923469543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.42884600162506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41797709465026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3316710591316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.12792813777923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08558729290962219}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.825714111328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.8014243841171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.6908221244812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6247208714485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5648308992385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4897923469543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42884600162506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41797709465026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3316710591316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.12792813777923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08558729290962219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ett.4460040619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460040619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917101","display_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","issn_l":"1124-318X","issn":["1124-318X","1541-8251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120000034","https://openalex.org/W2132630343","https://openalex.org/W2143950101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376397586","https://openalex.org/W2377702023","https://openalex.org/W76424774","https://openalex.org/W2376263261","https://openalex.org/W1506264906","https://openalex.org/W3127177933","https://openalex.org/W2376259828","https://openalex.org/W2905940832","https://openalex.org/W2391959806","https://openalex.org/W2339564564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,54],"paper":[2],"gives":[3],"insight":[4],"into":[5],"the":[6,33,42,56,66,71,76,84,98,111],"ways":[7],"in":[8,17,49,52],"which":[9,32,45],"Passive":[10],"optical":[11],"networks":[12],"may":[13],"be":[14,89,105],"economically":[15],"deployed":[16],"a":[18],"well\u2010established":[19],"copper":[20,34],"infrastructure.":[21],"The":[22],"telecommunications":[23],"market":[24],"demands":[25],"service":[26,58],"flexibility":[27,59],"coupled":[28],"with":[29],"high":[30],"reliability,":[31],"network":[35,112],"struggles":[36],"to":[37,74,88,91,113,118],"provide.":[38],"Particularly":[39],"beneficial":[40],"is":[41,46],"fibre\u2010to\u2010the\u2010building":[43],"approach,":[44],"being":[47],"followed":[48],"certain":[50],"areas":[51],"Europe.":[53,79],"provides":[55],"necessary":[57],"and":[60,93,100],"promises":[61],"huge":[62],"capacity":[63,99],"upgrades":[64],"for":[65],"future.":[67],"Following":[68],"initial":[69],"deployments":[70],"opportunity":[72],"exists":[73],"broaden":[75],"deployment":[77],"throughout":[78],"Ubiquitous":[80],"solutions":[81],"will":[82],"enable":[83],"benefits":[85],"of":[86,102],"fibre":[87,103],"brought":[90],"smaller":[92,94],"customers.":[95,120],"Beyond":[96],"this,":[97],"reach":[101],"can":[104],"exploited":[106],"more":[107],"widely":[108],"\u2010":[109],"restructuring":[110],"extend":[114],"broad":[115],"band":[116],"services":[117],"all":[119]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}