{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116923087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460040312","title":"Multi\u2010Level Block Coded Modulations with Unequal Error Protection for the Rayleigh Fading Channel","display_name":"Multi\u2010Level Block Coded Modulations with Unequal Error Protection for the Rayleigh Fading Channel","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116923087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460040312","mag":"2116923087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ett.4460040312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460040312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917101","display_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","issn_l":"1124-318X","issn":["1124-318X","1541-8251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109448919","display_name":"N. Seshadri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121626","display_name":"Signal Processing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021gzyw51","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nambi Seshadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, Signal Processing Research Department 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, Signal Processing Research Department 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587","https://openalex.org/I4210121626"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111793437","display_name":"Carl-Erik Sundberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121626","display_name":"Signal Processing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021gzyw51","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl\u2010Erik W. Sundberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Bell Laboratories, Signal Processing Research Department 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Laboratories, Signal Processing Research Department 600 Mountain Avenue Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587","https://openalex.org/I4210121626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.667,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89411415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"325","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6209983229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.5946896076202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5464115142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5260823965072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-rate","display_name":"Code rate","score":0.49639326333999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.478881299495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45161181688308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.44807931780815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-diversity","display_name":"Time diversity","score":0.44410914182662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.4353390336036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3883364200592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3490905165672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3415449857711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.33325058221817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09249702095985413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6209983229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.5946896076202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5464115142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5260823965072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206468330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834373","display_name":"Code rate","level":3,"score":0.49639326333999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.478881299495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45161181688308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.44807931780815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779512956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805300","display_name":"Time diversity","level":4,"score":0.44410914182662964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.4353390336036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3883364200592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3490905165672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3415449857711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.33325058221817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09249702095985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ett.4460040312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460040312","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917101","display_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","issn_l":"1124-318X","issn":["1124-318X","1541-8251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595648525","https://openalex.org/W1596939795","https://openalex.org/W1967786820","https://openalex.org/W1988586785","https://openalex.org/W2022271272","https://openalex.org/W2082393705","https://openalex.org/W2096539955","https://openalex.org/W2101021282","https://openalex.org/W2102843694","https://openalex.org/W2108781590","https://openalex.org/W2133152344","https://openalex.org/W2142895215","https://openalex.org/W2150394211","https://openalex.org/W2160564912","https://openalex.org/W2165205968","https://openalex.org/W2296441616","https://openalex.org/W2498248435","https://openalex.org/W2501720616","https://openalex.org/W2913817822","https://openalex.org/W3099468523","https://openalex.org/W4214683347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485487340","https://openalex.org/W2024145902","https://openalex.org/W1557880800","https://openalex.org/W2060596160","https://openalex.org/W2153431288","https://openalex.org/W2101630099","https://openalex.org/W2089133547","https://openalex.org/W1652944126","https://openalex.org/W2120444981","https://openalex.org/W2104571954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Block":[1,129],"coded":[2,15,54,130],"8\u2010DPSK":[3,41,131],"modulations":[4,16,55],"are":[5,17],"presented":[6],"for":[7,81,106,152,175],"the":[8,51,82,107,118,124,179,194,204,210],"time":[9,60,79],"selective":[10],"Rayleigh":[11,68],"fading":[12],"channel.":[13],"These":[14],"based":[18],"on":[19],"multi\u2010level":[20],"code":[21,119,141],"constructions":[22],"and":[23,121,140,150,197,209],"utilize":[24],"short":[25],"binary":[26,191],"block":[27,53],"codes":[28,42,192],"of":[29,43,62,155,159,172,178],"length":[30,44,142],"2":[31,45,65,143],"to":[32,39,46,66,123,144,184],"8":[33,47,145],"(binary":[34],"symbols)":[35],"as":[36],"building":[37],"blocks":[38],"construct":[40],"symbols,":[48],"respectively.":[49],"All":[50],"constructed":[52],"have":[56,147],"a":[57,92,168,176,217],"built":[58],"in":[59,193,216],"diversity":[61,80],"at":[63,167],"least":[64],"combat":[67],"fading.":[69],"Unequal":[70],"error":[71,170,206],"protection":[72],"(UEP)":[73],"is":[74,114,182],"obtained":[75,89,115,166],"by":[76,90,116,198],"providing":[77],"higher":[78,98],"important":[83,109],"data.":[84,110],"Further":[85],"UEP":[86],"can":[87,164,213],"be":[88,165,185,214],"using":[91,189,199],"non\u2010uniform":[93],"signal":[94,202],"constellation":[95],"that":[96,181],"provides":[97],"product":[99],"distance":[100],"(through":[101],"increased":[102],"component":[103],"Euclidean":[104],"distance)":[105],"more":[108,160],"Low":[111],"transmission":[112],"delay":[113],"matching":[117],"rate":[120,134,171],"interleaver":[122],"channel":[125],"conditions":[126],"(Doppler":[127],"spread).":[128],"schemes":[132],"with":[133],"1.5\u20102.25":[135],"information":[136],"bits":[137],"per":[138],"symbol":[139],"symbols":[146],"been":[148],"designed":[149],"simulated":[151],"various":[153],"values":[154],"Doppler":[156],"spread.":[157],"Gains":[158],"than":[161],"15":[162],"dB":[163],"bit":[169],"10":[173],"\u22123":[174],"fraction":[177],"data":[180,211],"deemed":[183],"most":[186],"important.":[187],"By":[188],"different":[190,200],"multilevel":[195],"scheme":[196],"nonuniform":[201],"constellations,":[203],"unequal":[205],"probability":[207],"profile":[208],"rates":[212],"controlled":[215],"flexible":[218],"manner.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}