{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035160923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460010108","title":"Large vocabulary hidden markov model based speech recognition","display_name":"Large vocabulary hidden markov model based speech recognition","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035160923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460010108","mag":"2035160923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ett.4460010108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460010108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917101","display_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","issn_l":"1124-318X","issn":["1124-318X","1541-8251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062787515","display_name":"Cerhard Rigoll","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020504353","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01nh64743","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020504353","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cerhard Rigoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute (IAO) Dept. of Advanced Information and Communication Technologies Holzgartenstr. 17, 7000 Stuttgart 1, West Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute (IAO) Dept. of Advanced Information and Communication Technologies Holzgartenstr. 17, 7000 Stuttgart 1, West Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020504353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062787515"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020504353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80849509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8819378614425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7803367376327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.7767450213432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6226121783256531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.5771539807319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-labeling","display_name":"Sequence labeling","score":0.5582401752471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5157094597816467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.4594925045967102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4562860429286957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-entropy-markov-model","display_name":"Maximum-entropy Markov model","score":0.4534379243850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-model","display_name":"Acoustic model","score":0.4519233703613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42130371928215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.3813588619232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.3444938361644745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-order-markov-model","display_name":"Variable-order Markov model","score":0.2635255455970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12708011269569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11160025000572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10888421535491943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8819378614425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7803367376327515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7767450213432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6226121783256531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.5771539807319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35639132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452468","display_name":"Sequence labeling","level":3,"score":0.5582401752471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5157094597816467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4594925045967102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4562860429286957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196956702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795829","display_name":"Maximum-entropy Markov model","level":5,"score":0.4534379243850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155635449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674699","display_name":"Acoustic model","level":3,"score":0.4519233703613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42130371928215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.3813588619232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3444938361644745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54907487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915688","display_name":"Variable-order Markov model","level":4,"score":0.2635255455970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12708011269569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11160025000572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10888421535491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ett.4460010108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460010108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917101","display_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","issn_l":"1124-318X","issn":["1124-318X","1541-8251"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Transactions on Telecommunications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507770639","https://openalex.org/W1611176049","https://openalex.org/W1628850721","https://openalex.org/W1847689439","https://openalex.org/W1877570817","https://openalex.org/W1966812932","https://openalex.org/W1990005915","https://openalex.org/W2035227369","https://openalex.org/W2056809970","https://openalex.org/W2097635532","https://openalex.org/W2150583827","https://openalex.org/W2171850596","https://openalex.org/W2500308515","https://openalex.org/W3094114204","https://openalex.org/W4230880351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126322296","https://openalex.org/W4387913067","https://openalex.org/W2955724459","https://openalex.org/W4205820553","https://openalex.org/W2163537793","https://openalex.org/W2037769829","https://openalex.org/W2122520403","https://openalex.org/W2251441308","https://openalex.org/W2916997151","https://openalex.org/W2781555308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2,163],"gives":[3],"an":[4],"introduction":[5],"to":[6,27,121,189],"the":[7,36,51,69,83,88,94,119,122,126,132,142,146,149,156,171,175],"use":[8,21,40],"of":[9,22,41,48,54,87,93,106,135,148,152,170,174],"Hidden":[10,42,56,100],"Markov":[11,43,57,101,108],"Models":[12,44],"and":[13,50,78,179],"Information":[14],"Theory":[15],"principles":[16],"for":[17,45,183],"speech":[18,31,49,60,70,133,176],"recognition.":[19],"The":[20,39,91,103,139,162],"these":[23,107],"techniques":[24],"has":[25],"led":[26],"powerful":[28],"large":[29],"vocabulary":[30],"recognition":[32,61,118,177],"systems":[33],"developed":[34],"in":[35],"recent":[37],"years.":[38],"stochastic":[46],"modeling":[47],"basic":[52],"modules":[53],"a":[55,114,136,166,190],"Model":[58],"based":[59],"system":[62,178,192],"are":[63],"explained.":[64],"It":[65],"is":[66,125,160],"shown":[67],"how":[68],"waveform":[71],"can":[72,96,110,187],"be":[73,97,111],"transformed":[74],"into":[75,79],"acoustic":[76,84,127,172],"features":[77],"prototypes":[80],"which":[81,144,186],"characterize":[82],"state":[85],"space":[86],"given":[89,157],"speaker.":[90],"phonemes":[92],"language":[95],"represented":[98],"by":[99],"Models.":[102],"statistical":[104],"parameters":[105],"models":[109],"obtained":[112],"during":[113],"training":[115],"session.":[116],"During":[117],"input":[120],"linguistic":[123],"decoder":[124,140],"label":[128,158],"string":[129],"resulting":[130],"from":[131],"signal":[134],"spoken":[137],"sentence.":[138],"picks":[141],"sentence":[143,154],"maximizes":[145],"probability":[147],"word":[150],"sequence":[151],"this":[153],"if":[155],"stream":[159],"seen.":[161],"concludes":[164],"with":[165],"more":[167],"detailed":[168],"explanation":[169],"processor":[173],"some":[180],"proposed":[181],"algorithms":[182],"its":[184],"improvement":[185],"lead":[188],"better":[191],"performance.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}