{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408512094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4524","title":"A Four\u2010Core Dual\u2010Mode VCO With a Frequency Range of 19.92\u201340.17\u2009GHz Using Current Reuse and Transconductance Unit Switching Techniques","display_name":"A Four\u2010Core Dual\u2010Mode VCO With a Frequency Range of 19.92\u201340.17\u2009GHz Using Current Reuse and Transconductance Unit Switching Techniques","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408512094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cta.4524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92132303","display_name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","issn_l":"0098-9886","issn":["0098-9886","1097-007X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101808316","display_name":"Wei Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-9880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-9880","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065422134","display_name":"Lei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-8233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084888619","display_name":"Zhengwang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-7190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengwang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-7190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425657","display_name":"Li Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-4969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-4969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375193","display_name":"Mei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1196-2016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039644353","display_name":"Xinguo Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5651-9720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinguo Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National \u201c111 Research Center\u201d Microelectronics and Integrated Circuits Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science Hubei University of Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073441672","display_name":"Xuecheng Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-5270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuecheng Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuit Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuit Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100425657"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"],"apc_list":{"value":3660,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3660},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03339557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"11","first_page":"6119","last_page":"6129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transconductance","display_name":"Transconductance","score":0.8205808401107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.7558050751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-mode","display_name":"Dual mode","score":0.5203503966331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.4910457134246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.4517199993133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.44828781485557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44438204169273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4384571313858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4318876564502716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.36140066385269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28116440773010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2522120475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22368744015693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18060344457626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1801135540008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.14173635840415955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779283907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632964","display_name":"Transconductance","level":4,"score":0.8205808401107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.7558050751686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019325349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3874753","display_name":"Dual mode","level":2,"score":0.5203503966331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.4910457134246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4517199993133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.44828781485557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44438204169273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4384571313858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4318876564502716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36140066385269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28116440773010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2522120475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22368744015693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18060344457626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1801135540008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.14173635840415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cta.4524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92132303","display_name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","issn_l":"0098-9886","issn":["0098-9886","1097-007X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6255574900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021CFB278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012967215","https://openalex.org/W2088606459","https://openalex.org/W2145966357","https://openalex.org/W2612103911","https://openalex.org/W2890905903","https://openalex.org/W2896737602","https://openalex.org/W2905550072","https://openalex.org/W2921310211","https://openalex.org/W2955171543","https://openalex.org/W2963385511","https://openalex.org/W2981587265","https://openalex.org/W3034169781","https://openalex.org/W3090471045","https://openalex.org/W3092519062","https://openalex.org/W3097650168","https://openalex.org/W3097916183","https://openalex.org/W3134446195","https://openalex.org/W3159649134","https://openalex.org/W3212612395","https://openalex.org/W4383873965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070109416","https://openalex.org/W1523213765","https://openalex.org/W2388316590","https://openalex.org/W4388486464","https://openalex.org/W2392631856","https://openalex.org/W2355651228","https://openalex.org/W2330491326","https://openalex.org/W2768219827","https://openalex.org/W1992581387","https://openalex.org/W4406575379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"A":[1],"four\u2010core":[2,93],"dual\u2010mode":[3,94],"wideband":[4],"voltage\u2010controlled":[5],"oscillator":[6],"(VCO)":[7],"is":[8,37,107],"proposed":[9],"for":[10],"5G":[11],"communication":[12],"systems.":[13],"The":[14,33,103,131],"design":[15],"features":[16],"a":[17,97,119],"novel":[18],"complementary":[19,30],"VCO":[20,95],"structure,":[21],"which":[22],"differs":[23],"from":[24,113,126],"the":[25,75,87,91],"traditional":[26],"PMOS":[27,47],"and":[28,46,79,122],"NMOS":[29],"cross\u2010coupled":[31,48],"structure.":[32],"fundamental":[34],"oscillation":[35,51],"unit":[36],"composed":[38],"of":[39,100],"transconductance":[40],"units":[41],"(":[42],"G":[43,59],"mc":[44,60],"units)":[45],"pairs.":[49],"Different":[50],"modes":[52],"are":[53,71],"achieved":[54],"by":[55],"switching":[56],"between":[57],"different":[58],"units,":[61],"resulting":[62],"in":[63],"an":[64],"extended":[65],"tuning":[66],"range.":[67],"Current":[68],"reuse":[69],"techniques":[70],"employed":[72],"to":[73,115,128],"reduce":[74],"VCO's":[76],"start\u2010up":[77],"conditions":[78],"lower":[80],"power":[81,105],"consumption,":[82],"thereby":[83],"enhancing":[84],"robustness.":[85],"Using":[86],"65\u2010nm":[88],"CMOS":[89],"process,":[90],"designed":[92],"achieves":[96],"frequency":[98],"coverage":[99],"19.92\u201340.17":[101],"GHz.":[102],"maximum":[104],"consumption":[106],"14.22":[108],"mW,":[109],"phase":[110],"noise":[111],"ranges":[112],"\u2212112.60":[114],"\u2212101.64":[116],"dBc/Hz":[117],"at":[118],"1\u2010MHz":[120],"offset,":[121],"FoM":[123],"T":[124],"varies":[125],"198.28":[127],"205.84":[129],"dBc/Hz.":[130],"core":[132],"area":[133],"occupies":[134],"0.21":[135],"mm":[136],"2":[137],".":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}