{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127050782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70597","title":"FMF\u2010DETR: A Frequency\u2010Aware Multi\u2010Scale Fusion DETR for Small Object Detection","display_name":"FMF\u2010DETR: A Frequency\u2010Aware Multi\u2010Scale Fusion DETR for Small Object Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127050782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpe.70597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11065456","display_name":"Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience","issn_l":"1532-0626","issn":["1532-0626","1532-0634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124694285","display_name":"Lingling Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192868223","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjyzh50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105785","display_name":"Intelligent Systems Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01reevc91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Aeronautics and Astronautics Electronic Information Technology  Zhengzhou China","Henan Province Aerospace Intelligent Technology and Systems International Joint Laboratory  Zhengzhou China","Henan Province Multi\u2010Modal Information Perception and Computing Engineering Research Center  Zhengzhou China","School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Aeronautics and Astronautics Electronic Information Technology  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223","https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Province Aerospace Intelligent Technology and Systems International Joint Laboratory  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105785"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Province Multi\u2010Modal Information Perception and Computing Engineering Research Center  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124731909","display_name":"Yang Mei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192868223","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjyzh50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124701718","display_name":"Xuezhuan Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192868223","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjyzh50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134393","display_name":"China National Chemical Engineering (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pwn6a43","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134393"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150385","display_name":"Innovation Team (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttbbx73","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150385"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157323","display_name":"South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnpk588","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157323","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164862","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p590m36","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuezhuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Electronic Information Technology Henan Collaborative Innovation Center  Zhengzhou China","Chongqing Research Institute of HIT  Chongqing China","Henan Province Artificial Intelligence Technology School\u2010Enterprise Research and Development Center  Zhengzhou China","National Key Laboratory of Air\u2010based Information Perception and Fusion  Luoyang China","School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Electronic Information Technology Henan Collaborative Innovation Center  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157323","https://openalex.org/I4210150385"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Research Institute of HIT  Chongqing China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Province Artificial Intelligence Technology School\u2010Enterprise Research and Development Center  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Air\u2010based Information Perception and Fusion  Luoyang China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134393"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124698217","display_name":"Xiaoyan Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192868223","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjyzh50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124724630","display_name":"Zonghao Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192868223","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjyzh50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zonghao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124737608","display_name":"Shiqin Diao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192868223","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjyzh50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqin Diao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124698892","display_name":"Mai Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192868223","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjyzh50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46020346","display_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/00a1rzv11","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Aeronautics and Astronautics Electronic Information Technology  Zhengzhou China","School of Electronic Information Engineering Beihang University  Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Aeronautics and Astronautics Electronic Information Technology  Zhengzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223","https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I46020346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering Beihang University  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5124731909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"],"apc_list":{"value":4740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4740},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10678898,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.8924999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.8924999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6808000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6589000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.6434000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3449999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7264000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6808000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6589000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6434000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126422989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature detection (computer vision)","level":4,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71681937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object-class detection","level":5,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpe.70597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11065456","display_name":"Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience","issn_l":"1532-0626","issn":["1532-0626","1532-0634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.748144268989563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5572721318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GZS2022011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318571","funder_display_name":"Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Henan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5812995168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20230001055002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318571","display_name":"Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Henan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325625","display_name":"Education Department of Henan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2990230185","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W4214627427","https://openalex.org/W4398756379","https://openalex.org/W4401894250","https://openalex.org/W4402861792","https://openalex.org/W4404248130","https://openalex.org/W4416748912"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Small":[1],"object":[2,66],"detection,":[3],"a":[4,17,129,171],"critical":[5],"technique":[6],"for":[7],"recognizing":[8],"and":[9,26,52,90,124,139,157,181,197],"localizing":[10],"diminutive":[11],"targets":[12],"in":[13,20,117],"visual":[14],"data,":[15],"plays":[16],"vital":[18],"role":[19],"applications":[21],"ranging":[22],"from":[23],"remote":[24],"sensing":[25],"unmanned":[27],"aerial":[28],"vehicle":[29],"(UAV)":[30],"vision":[31],"to":[32,188],"autonomous":[33],"driving.":[34],"Current":[35],"methodologies,":[36],"however,":[37],"face":[38],"substantial":[39],"challenges,":[40,59],"including":[41],"detection":[42,67,115,155],"accuracy":[43,156,173],"limitations,":[44],"low\u2010resolution":[45],"image":[46],"processing":[47],"difficulties,":[48],"background":[49,109],"noise":[50],"interference,":[51],"target":[53],"occlusion":[54],"issues.":[55],"To":[56],"address":[57],"these":[58,148],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"FMF\u2010DETR,":[62],"an":[63],"innovative":[64],"small":[65],"framework":[68,152],"featuring":[69],"frequency\u2010domain":[70],"feature":[71,100,122,131,137],"optimization":[72],"through":[73,120],"three":[74],"key":[75],"components:":[76],"(1)":[77],"High\u2010Low":[78],"Frequency":[79],"Fusion":[80],"Model":[81],"(HLFM),":[82],"(2)":[83],"Focused":[84],"Diffusion":[85],"Feature":[86],"Pyramid":[87],"Network":[88],"(FDFPN),":[89],"(3)":[91],"BiPathNet":[92],"(BPNet).":[93],"Specifically,":[94],"the":[95,144,150,163,195],"HLFM":[96],"module":[97],"enhances":[98,136,153],"multiscale":[99,121],"representation":[101],"by":[102,179,184],"emphasizing":[103],"high\u2010frequency":[104],"details":[105],"while":[106,175],"suppressing":[107],"low\u2010frequency":[108],"noise.":[110],"The":[111],"FDFPN":[112],"architecture":[113],"improves":[114],"performance":[116],"complex":[118],"scenarios":[119],"fusion":[123],"saliency\u2010aware":[125],"diffusion.":[126],"BPNet":[127],"introduces":[128],"dual\u2010path":[130],"extraction":[132],"mechanism":[133],"that":[134],"simultaneously":[135],"discriminability":[138],"reduces":[140],"computational":[141,182],"overhead.":[142],"Through":[143],"synergistic":[145],"integration":[146],"of":[147,199],"components,":[149],"proposed":[151,201],"both":[154,194],"operational":[158],"efficiency.":[159],"Comprehensive":[160],"evaluations":[161],"on":[162],"VisDrone":[164],"dataset":[165],"demonstrate":[166],"FMF\u2010DETR's":[167],"superior":[168],"performance,":[169],"achieving":[170],"2.2%":[172],"improvement":[174],"reducing":[176],"model":[177],"parameters":[178],"13.03M":[180],"complexity":[183],"97.2G":[185],"FLOPs":[186],"compared":[187],"baseline":[189],"methods.":[190],"These":[191],"results":[192],"validate":[193],"effectiveness":[196],"efficiency":[198],"our":[200],"framework.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-03T00:00:00"}