{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125144932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70575","title":"Machine Learning\u2013Discriminant Analysis of Rice Origin Traceability","display_name":"Machine Learning\u2013Discriminant Analysis of Rice Origin Traceability","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125144932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpe.70575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11065456","display_name":"Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience","issn_l":"1532-0626","issn":["1532-0626","1532-0634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064269184","display_name":"Runzhong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-9027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308199089","display_name":"Harbin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey9xa07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124184","display_name":"Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/030jxf285","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runzhong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University  Harbin People's Republic of China","College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University  Daqing People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University  Harbin People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100188998","https://openalex.org/I1308199089","https://openalex.org/I151727225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University  Daqing People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123523721","display_name":"Wu Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100188998","display_name":"Harbin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6y1282","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100188998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308199089","display_name":"Harbin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey9xa07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308199089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University  Harbin People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Engineering University  Harbin People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100188998","https://openalex.org/I1308199089","https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361519","display_name":"Liyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-5900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156144747","display_name":"Harbin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jscf583","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156144747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087423","display_name":"Daqing City People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/010z8j306","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140537","display_name":"Education Department of Heilongjiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04rn1rm44","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140537"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese National Engineering Research Center  Daqing People's Republic of China","Key Laboratory of Agro\u2010Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province  Daqing People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese National Engineering Research Center  Daqing People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156144747","https://openalex.org/I4210087423"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agro\u2010Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province  Daqing People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140537"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123523721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100188998","https://openalex.org/I1308199089","https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":4740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4740},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05923739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12073","display_name":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","score":0.3012000024318695,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12073","display_name":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","score":0.3012000024318695,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.23389999568462372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10836","display_name":"Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies","score":0.23080000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.4099999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7803000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182407805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2626534","display_name":"Substring","level":3,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516717267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909821","display_name":"Food safety","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpe.70575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11065456","display_name":"Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience","issn_l":"1532-0626","issn":["1532-0626","1532-0634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3064853585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21B2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6466369849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G752701465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7815101509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFD2100902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980408350","https://openalex.org/W3171362369","https://openalex.org/W3205082235","https://openalex.org/W4212780772","https://openalex.org/W4283722308","https://openalex.org/W4317743383","https://openalex.org/W4328108964","https://openalex.org/W4382795198","https://openalex.org/W4389483831","https://openalex.org/W4391848876","https://openalex.org/W4393541809","https://openalex.org/W4396704394","https://openalex.org/W4399142758","https://openalex.org/W4400367739","https://openalex.org/W4400889670","https://openalex.org/W4401008958","https://openalex.org/W4401191114","https://openalex.org/W4401191586","https://openalex.org/W4401245847","https://openalex.org/W4401273485","https://openalex.org/W4401644391","https://openalex.org/W4401730558","https://openalex.org/W4401873175","https://openalex.org/W4401971299","https://openalex.org/W4402121469"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"To":[1],"address":[2],"the":[3,6,10,97,106],"fraud":[4],"in":[5,44],"rice":[7,39,155],"market":[8],"and":[9,30,66,72,82,85,122,151,164],"limitations":[11],"of":[12,36],"traditional":[13],"traceability":[14],"methods,":[15],"this":[16],"work":[17,146],"proposes":[18],"a":[19,148],"novel":[20],"framework":[21],"integrating":[22],"gas":[23],"chromatography\u2013mass":[24],"spectrometry\u2010based":[25],"metabolomics":[26],"with":[27,102,158],"machine":[28,76],"learning":[29,77],"heuristic":[31],"feature":[32,91],"extraction.":[33],"A":[34],"total":[35],"190":[37],"japonica":[38],"samples":[40,63],"from":[41],"six":[42],"origins":[43],"Heilongjiang":[45],"Province":[46],"were":[47,64,79,88,128],"analyzed,":[48],"yielding":[49],"46":[50],"metabolite":[51],"features.":[52],"After":[53],"mahalanobis":[54],"distance":[55],"quality":[56],"control":[57],"to":[58,133],"eliminate":[59],"outliers,":[60],"120":[61],"valid":[62],"retained":[65],"visualized":[67],"via":[68],"uniform":[69],"manifold":[70],"approximation":[71],"projection.":[73],"Six":[74],"representative":[75],"algorithms":[78],"systematically":[80],"evaluated,":[81],"genetic":[83,103],"algorithm":[84,100,104],"simulated":[86],"annealing":[87],"employed":[89],"for":[90,154,160],"optimization.":[92],"The":[93],"results":[94],"show":[95],"that":[96],"random":[98],"forest":[99],"combined":[101],"achieved":[105],"highest":[107],"performance":[108,141],"(validation":[109],"accuracy":[110],"=":[111,114,117],"99.5%,":[112],"AUC":[113],"0.998,":[115],"F\u2010measure":[116],"0.995),":[118],"outperforming":[119],"existing":[120],"spectral":[121],"isotope\u2010based":[123],"methods.":[124],"Twenty\u2010eight":[125],"key":[126],"metabolites":[127],"identified,":[129],"each":[130],"closely":[131],"linked":[132],"origin\u2010specific":[134],"environmental":[135],"factors.":[136],"Statistical":[137],"tests":[138],"confirmed":[139],"significant":[140],"differences":[142],"between":[143],"algorithms.":[144],"This":[145],"provides":[147],"robust,":[149],"interpretable,":[150],"cost\u2010effective":[152],"solution":[153],"origin":[156],"traceability,":[157],"implications":[159],"food":[161],"safety":[162],"supervision":[163],"high\u2010quality":[165],"agricultural":[166],"product":[167],"authentication.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-01-22T00:00:00"}
