{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414586043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70258","title":"Deadline\u2010Aware Task Scheduling in Fog\u2010Cloud Computing Using Multi\u2010Agent Reinforcement Learning and Software\u2010Defined Network Security","display_name":"Deadline\u2010Aware Task Scheduling in Fog\u2010Cloud Computing Using Multi\u2010Agent Reinforcement Learning and Software\u2010Defined Network Security","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414586043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpe.70258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11065456","display_name":"Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience","issn_l":"1532-0626","issn":["1532-0626","1532-0634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060585814","display_name":"Javid Ali Liakath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1418-881X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101093","display_name":"St. Joseph's Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/012npkr10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javid Ali Liakath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSE (Cyber Security) St.Joseph's Institute of Technology  Chennai India","Department of CSE (Cyber Security), St.Joseph's Institute of Technology, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5672-4435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE (Cyber Security) St.Joseph's Institute of Technology  Chennai India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE (Cyber Security), St.Joseph's Institute of Technology, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024988643","display_name":"Lathaselvi Gandhimaruthian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197979904","display_name":"Saint Joseph's College","ror":"https://ror.org/01k2x9g80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197979904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101093","display_name":"St. Joseph's Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/012npkr10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154592","display_name":"St. Joseph\u2019s College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01g3pby21","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154592"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lathaselvi Gandhimaruthian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology St.Joseph's College of Engineering  Chennai India","Department of Information Technology, St.Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology St.Joseph's College of Engineering  Chennai India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093","https://openalex.org/I197979904"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, St.Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093","https://openalex.org/I4387154592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104617502","display_name":"Manikandan Nanajappan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145286018","display_name":"SRM Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/050113w36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manikandan Nanajappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Business Systems SRM Institute of Science and Technology  Chennai India","Department of Data Science and Business Systems, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Business Systems SRM Institute of Science and Technology  Chennai India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Business Systems, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145286018"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119756240","display_name":"Ramya Jegatheeshan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramya Jegatheeshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master of Computer Applications SRM Easwari Engineering College  Chennai India","Master of Computer Applications, SRM Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master of Computer Applications SRM Easwari Engineering College  Chennai India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master of Computer Applications, SRM Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060585814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093"],"apc_list":{"value":4740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4740},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80450823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"25-26","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.59579998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5264999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.3278999924659729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.59579998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5805000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5264999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22111027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070427","display_name":"Internet security","level":4,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111873713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641413","display_name":"Job scheduler","level":3,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpe.70258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.70258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11065456","display_name":"Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience","issn_l":"1532-0626","issn":["1532-0626","1532-0634"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185965447","https://openalex.org/W3204011841","https://openalex.org/W4295940468","https://openalex.org/W4309926760","https://openalex.org/W4315489404","https://openalex.org/W4322007798","https://openalex.org/W4327937813","https://openalex.org/W4383065776","https://openalex.org/W4387059617","https://openalex.org/W4387794236","https://openalex.org/W4390415023","https://openalex.org/W4391094286","https://openalex.org/W4391135671","https://openalex.org/W4391764418","https://openalex.org/W4394904558","https://openalex.org/W4394938887","https://openalex.org/W4395012817","https://openalex.org/W4396621542","https://openalex.org/W4397008505","https://openalex.org/W4399039503","https://openalex.org/W4400314358","https://openalex.org/W4401871667","https://openalex.org/W4402527245","https://openalex.org/W4402824678","https://openalex.org/W4403392362","https://openalex.org/W4403868304","https://openalex.org/W4403918156","https://openalex.org/W4404087487","https://openalex.org/W4404090911","https://openalex.org/W4404567693","https://openalex.org/W4404725586","https://openalex.org/W4405179403","https://openalex.org/W4405350980"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Task":[1],"offloading":[2,270],"and":[3,20,29,48,57,69,80,126,151,171,182,213,225,241,250,274],"resource":[4,31,128,243],"scheduling":[5,92,124],"in":[6,34,71,252],"fog\u2010cloud":[7,82],"Internet":[8,36,254],"of":[9,37,148,155,192,221,255,264],"Things":[10,38,256],"environments":[11],"face":[12],"significant":[13],"challenges,":[14],"including":[15],"high":[16],"latency,":[17],"constrained":[18],"throughput,":[19],"unpredictable":[21],"network":[22,132,227],"conditions.":[23],"These":[24],"limitations":[25],"hinder":[26],"real\u2010time":[27,253],"responsiveness":[28],"efficient":[30],"utilization,":[32],"particularly":[33],"mission\u2010critical":[35],"applications.":[39,257],"Moreover,":[40],"ensuring":[41],"robust":[42],"data":[43,58],"security":[44,70,133,150,228],"under":[45,118],"such":[46,94,175],"dynamic":[47,156],"latency\u2010sensitive":[49],"scenarios":[50],"is":[51,205],"vital,":[52],"as":[53,95,176],"unsecured":[54],"task":[55,91,123,276],"execution":[56],"exchange":[59],"can":[60],"lead":[61],"to":[62,130,144,245,247],"severe":[63],"vulnerabilities.":[64],"Therefore,":[65],"optimizing":[66],"both":[67],"performance":[68],"low\u2010latency":[72],"conditions":[73],"remains":[74],"a":[75,89,108],"crucial":[76],"requirement":[77],"for":[78,207],"reliable":[79],"scalable":[81,275],"computing":[83],"infrastructures.":[84],"Hence,":[85],"this":[86],"paper":[87],"proposes":[88],"novel":[90],"framework":[93,267],"Type\u22122":[96],"Fuzzy":[97],"Multi\u2010Agent":[98],"Reinforcement":[99],"Learning":[100],"with":[101,141,218,272],"Cauchy":[102,138],"Mutation":[103],"War":[104],"Optimization":[105],"algorithm":[106],"within":[107],"secure":[109,273],"Software\u2010Defined":[110],"Network":[111],"architecture.":[112],"The":[113,137,163,199],"proposed":[114,194,209,233,266],"model":[115,195,210],"improves":[116],"decision\u2010making":[117],"uncertainty":[119],"by":[120,158,168,211,216,229,238,268],"analyzing":[121],"the":[122,146,153,160,190,193,203,208,232,248,259,262,265],"process":[125],"optimizes":[127,242],"allocation":[129],"strengthen":[131],"against":[134],"malicious":[135],"attacks.":[136],"mutation":[139],"incorporates":[140],"war":[142],"competition":[143],"explore":[145],"effectiveness":[147],"improving":[149,269],"validates":[152],"control":[154],"functionality":[157],"estimating":[159],"routing":[161],"process.":[162],"experimental":[164],"results":[165,200,260],"are":[166],"analyzed":[167],"varied":[169],"metrics":[170],"two":[172],"benchmark":[173],"datasets":[174],"NASA":[177],"Ames":[178],"Research":[179],"Center":[180,186],"iPSC/860":[181],"High":[183],"Performance":[184],"Computing":[185],"North":[187],"that":[188,202],"demonstrate":[189],"superiority":[191],"over":[196],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[197],"techniques.":[198],"revealed":[201],"latency":[204],"minimized":[206],"43%":[212],"maximized":[214],"throughput":[215],"82.3%":[217],"better":[219],"quality":[220],"service":[222],"at":[223],"69%,":[224],"enhanced":[226],"78.2%.":[230],"Also,":[231],"method":[234],"diminishes":[235],"response":[236],"time":[237],"37":[239],"s":[240],"utilization":[244],"conform":[246],"robustness":[249],"efficiency":[251],"Thus,":[258],"validate":[261],"capability":[263],"strategies":[271],"scheduling.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}