{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027131055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4330030302","title":"\u2018Blade Runner\u2019: A real\u2010time speech recognizer","display_name":"\u2018Blade Runner\u2019: A real\u2010time speech recognizer","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027131055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4330030302","mag":"2027131055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpe.4330030302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4330030302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209928","display_name":"Concurrency Practice and Experience","issn_l":"1040-3108","issn":["1040-3108","1096-9128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Concurrency: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mike Chong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","Cambridge University Engineering Dept., Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Dept., Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082041419","display_name":"F. Fallside","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Fallside","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","Cambridge University Engineering Dept., Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Dept., Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005030531","display_name":"T.P. Marsland","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Marsland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","Cambridge University Engineering Dept., Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Dept., Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013420411","display_name":"Richard W. Prager","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-6561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Prager","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cambridge University Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","Cambridge University Engineering Dept., Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Department, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge University Engineering Dept., Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14167267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"145","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8682559728622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7326415181159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6253020167350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6195604801177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6131585240364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5376779437065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5168781280517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5129804015159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.44761261343955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3425707221031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.25712066888809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14324724674224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13179746270179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09771493077278137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8682559728622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7326415181159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6253020167350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6195604801177979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6131585240364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5376779437065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5168781280517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5129804015159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44761261343955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3425707221031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.25712066888809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14324724674224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13179746270179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09771493077278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cpe.4330030302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4330030302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209928","display_name":"Concurrency Practice and Experience","issn_l":"1040-3108","issn":["1040-3108","1096-9128"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Concurrency: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:959249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/959249/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320291","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63406520","https://openalex.org/W134806845","https://openalex.org/W1494104063","https://openalex.org/W1586645951","https://openalex.org/W1588079342","https://openalex.org/W1759923873","https://openalex.org/W1932781281","https://openalex.org/W1991839689","https://openalex.org/W2013173096","https://openalex.org/W2027381712","https://openalex.org/W2049461375","https://openalex.org/W2078842131","https://openalex.org/W2084451913","https://openalex.org/W2101725023","https://openalex.org/W2101927907","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2109507516","https://openalex.org/W2110425399","https://openalex.org/W2117671523","https://openalex.org/W2134630080","https://openalex.org/W2135971840","https://openalex.org/W2137095888","https://openalex.org/W2149561885","https://openalex.org/W2479014774","https://openalex.org/W3145008606","https://openalex.org/W4211008702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657880117","https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W1001352512","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W2011430815","https://openalex.org/W4321606653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1,51],"real\u2010time":[2,101],"prototype":[3],"speech":[4,46],"recognizer":[5,47],"has":[6],"been":[7],"implemented":[8],"on":[9,91],"a":[10,43,71,81],"66\u2010processor":[11],"distributed\u2010memory":[12],"parallel":[13],"computer.":[14],"Simple":[15],"phrases":[16],"are":[17,29],"recognized":[18],"in":[19,58,100],"approximately":[20],"4":[21],"to":[22,41,63,69,79,84],"10":[23],"seconds.":[24],"Scalability,":[25],"performance":[26],"and":[27,75,96],"flexibility":[28],"the":[30,37],"three":[31,54],"main":[32],"aims":[33],"of":[34,53],"this":[35,59],"implementation,":[36],"ultimate":[38],"goal":[39],"being":[40],"construct":[42],"large":[44],"vocabulary":[45],"which":[48],"responds":[49],"quickly.":[50],"set":[52],"techniques":[55],"is":[56,98],"investigated":[57],"implementation:":[60],"asynchronous":[61],"methodology":[62],"minimize":[64],"synchronization":[65],"overheads,":[66],"distributed":[67],"control":[68],"avoid":[70],"central":[72],"communications":[73,97],"bottleneck,":[74],"dynamic":[76],"load":[77],"balancing":[78],"provide":[80],"flexible":[82],"response":[83],"an":[85],"unpredictable":[86],"computational":[87],"load.":[88],"The":[89],"effect":[90],"memory,":[92],"processor":[93],"time":[94],"allocation":[95],"observed":[99],"using":[102],"hardware":[103],"monitoring":[104],"aids.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-23T06:36:01.041984","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
