{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415213829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.70092","title":"AI\u2010Based Prediction of Program Learning Outcomes for an Engineering Undergraduate Degree","display_name":"AI\u2010Based Prediction of Program Learning Outcomes for an Engineering Undergraduate Degree","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415213829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.70092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cae.70092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.70092","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cae.70092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159433931","display_name":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","issn_l":"1061-3773","issn":["1061-3773","1099-0542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cae.70092","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108130993","display_name":"Fadhlan Hafizhelmi Kamaru Zaman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Hassan Zaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025568919","display_name":"Junaid Imtiaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5821-1431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Imtiaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050752767","display_name":"Maryam Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-2021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041191580","display_name":"Ayesha Waqar Mir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayesha Waqar Mir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050752767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"],"apc_list":{"value":3760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33403991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11283","display_name":"Experimental Learning in Engineering","score":0.9217000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13482","display_name":"Engineering Education and Technology","score":0.9175999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercialization","display_name":"Commercialization","score":0.7565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-education","display_name":"Engineering education","score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-program","display_name":"Academic program","score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"Academic achievement","score":0.41769999265670776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.7565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5078999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992752155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189533","display_name":"Academic program","level":3,"score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.41769999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10676486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17067409","display_name":"Learning development","level":3,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986314682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430192","display_name":"Undergraduate education","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019360443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189533","display_name":"Degree program","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5395021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061410","display_name":"Program evaluation","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206674616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7038222","display_name":"Program Design Language","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84653758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5575175","display_name":"Goal orientation","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20685875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239678","display_name":"Predictive validity","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/cae.70092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.70092","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cae.70092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159433931","display_name":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","issn_l":"1061-3773","issn":["1061-3773","1099-0542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/cae.70092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.70092","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/cae.70092","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159433931","display_name":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","issn_l":"1061-3773","issn":["1061-3773","1099-0542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Applications in Engineering Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415213829.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415213829.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55265354","https://openalex.org/W1939495741","https://openalex.org/W2017208685","https://openalex.org/W2043276667","https://openalex.org/W2612066945","https://openalex.org/W2783203430","https://openalex.org/W2896062729","https://openalex.org/W2964680923","https://openalex.org/W2966252549","https://openalex.org/W3010169015","https://openalex.org/W3044093562","https://openalex.org/W3154637515","https://openalex.org/W3163935305","https://openalex.org/W3176589197","https://openalex.org/W4206728159","https://openalex.org/W4224269097","https://openalex.org/W4225463359","https://openalex.org/W4293531628","https://openalex.org/W4311777045","https://openalex.org/W4321371811","https://openalex.org/W4388230813","https://openalex.org/W4390635970","https://openalex.org/W4390841181","https://openalex.org/W4391067532","https://openalex.org/W4391288774","https://openalex.org/W4391358041","https://openalex.org/W4393305447","https://openalex.org/W4394818154","https://openalex.org/W4394824716","https://openalex.org/W4394865864","https://openalex.org/W4396766974","https://openalex.org/W4399381665","https://openalex.org/W4403807682","https://openalex.org/W4404141225","https://openalex.org/W4405004140","https://openalex.org/W4405861130","https://openalex.org/W4406062068","https://openalex.org/W4406793986","https://openalex.org/W4408026792","https://openalex.org/W4408415155","https://openalex.org/W4411232708","https://openalex.org/W4411779921","https://openalex.org/W4412154807","https://openalex.org/W4412729640"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Human":[1],"advancement":[2],"hinges":[3],"on":[4,93,123],"the":[5,28,86,112,169],"capacity":[6],"to":[7,84,120,134,142,168],"acquire":[8],"knowledge":[9],"and":[10,24,44,61,67,90,97,160,182],"engage":[11],"with":[12],"complex":[13],"ideas.":[14],"Education,":[15],"therefore,":[16],"plays":[17],"a":[18,55,117],"pivotal":[19],"role":[20],"in":[21,72],"shaping":[22],"cognitive":[23],"societal":[25],"growth.":[26],"However,":[27],"increasing":[29],"commercialization":[30],"of":[31,88,172],"education":[32],"has":[33,105],"raised":[34],"significant":[35],"concerns":[36],"regarding":[37],"declining":[38],"academic":[39,82,115,132,180],"standards,":[40],"reduced":[41],"student":[42,144],"performance,":[43],"escalating":[45],"unemployment.":[46],"To":[47],"address":[48],"these":[49],"systemic":[50],"challenges,":[51],"this":[52],"study":[53,166],"proposes":[54],"machine":[56,150],"learning\u2010based":[57],"framework":[58],"for":[59,131,178],"predicting":[60],"evaluating":[62],"Course":[63],"Learning":[64,69],"Outcomes":[65,70],"(CLOs)":[66],"Program":[68],"(PLOs)":[71],"an":[73],"undergraduate":[74],"engineering":[75],"context.":[76],"The":[77],"proposed":[78],"model":[79],"analyzes":[80],"historical":[81],"records":[83],"investigate":[85],"influence":[87],"midterm":[89],"final":[91],"assessments":[92],"overall":[94],"grade":[95],"performance":[96],"CLO/PLO":[98],"attainment.":[99],"Results":[100],"indicate":[101],"that":[102],"CLO":[103],"1":[104],"consistently":[106],"achieved":[107],"approximately":[108],"90%":[109],"success":[110],"over":[111],"past":[113],"2":[114],"years,":[116],"trend":[118],"expected":[119],"persist":[121],"based":[122],"predictive":[124],"insights.":[125],"These":[126],"findings":[127],"offer":[128],"actionable":[129],"guidance":[130],"departments":[133],"implement":[135],"targeted":[136],"interventions,":[137],"such":[138],"as":[139],"scenario\u2010based":[140],"evaluations,":[141],"enhance":[143],"learning":[145,151],"outcomes.":[146],"By":[147],"leveraging":[148],"Python\u2010based":[149],"techniques,":[152],"institutions":[153],"can":[154],"scale":[155],"their":[156],"data\u2010driven":[157],"assessment":[158],"strategies":[159],"reinforce":[161],"evidence\u2010based":[162],"educational":[163],"practices.":[164],"This":[165],"contributes":[167],"growing":[170],"field":[171],"AI\u2010enhanced":[173],"education,":[174],"offering":[175],"practical":[176],"implications":[177],"improving":[179],"quality":[181],"institutional":[183],"decision\u2010making.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T06:13:28.667946","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}
