{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410831325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500123","title":"Thermally Responsive Architected Actuators with Programmable Shape Morphing and Tunable Stiffness","display_name":"Thermally Responsive Architected Actuators with Programmable Shape Morphing and Tunable Stiffness","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410831325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202500123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500123","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202500123","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202500123","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401978","display_name":"Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9545-6761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073908805","display_name":"Xudong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-345X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091207","display_name":"Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00f44np30","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210091207","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123095","display_name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02sepg748","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210123095","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech)  2 Fusionopolis Way Singapore 138634 Singapore","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore","Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634 Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech)  2 Fusionopolis Way Singapore 138634 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091207","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091207","https://openalex.org/I4210123095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371622","display_name":"Tianyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-1824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015210605","display_name":"Junwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4493-3817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042320938","display_name":"Yifan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-520X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore","School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-520X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University  Singapore 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042320938"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10550947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"9","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphing","display_name":"Morphing","score":0.9792047142982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.8068981170654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.6725457310676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5496543049812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3747060298919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.29553520679473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.13038772344589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0836523175239563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.9792047142982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8068981170654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.6725457310676575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5496543049812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3747060298919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.29553520679473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.13038772344589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0836523175239563}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202500123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500123","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202500123","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e26fb79b8219408196a5dfdc963983ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e26fb79b8219408196a5dfdc963983ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol 7, Iss 9, Pp n/a-n/a (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/201943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/201943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202500123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202500123","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202500123","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5138922351","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"020482","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","funder_display_name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410831325.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410831325.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1638377928","https://openalex.org/W1919781749","https://openalex.org/W2002970495","https://openalex.org/W2007924815","https://openalex.org/W2012556129","https://openalex.org/W2029953460","https://openalex.org/W2067288358","https://openalex.org/W2074535625","https://openalex.org/W2095271512","https://openalex.org/W2109014695","https://openalex.org/W2150662774","https://openalex.org/W2231780113","https://openalex.org/W2560569050","https://openalex.org/W2566563629","https://openalex.org/W2620811908","https://openalex.org/W2728251804","https://openalex.org/W2785767758","https://openalex.org/W2788127870","https://openalex.org/W2803699924","https://openalex.org/W2805522367","https://openalex.org/W2883771065","https://openalex.org/W2890388788","https://openalex.org/W2946895612","https://openalex.org/W2995503634","https://openalex.org/W3003612685","https://openalex.org/W3105961605","https://openalex.org/W3125867167","https://openalex.org/W3144959288","https://openalex.org/W3155187091","https://openalex.org/W3165472471","https://openalex.org/W3171273556","https://openalex.org/W3187258106","https://openalex.org/W3190242140","https://openalex.org/W3201121828","https://openalex.org/W4206686695","https://openalex.org/W4221126376","https://openalex.org/W4281390770","https://openalex.org/W4303858702","https://openalex.org/W4304698290","https://openalex.org/W4318960484","https://openalex.org/W4324132867","https://openalex.org/W4366352225","https://openalex.org/W4386997671","https://openalex.org/W4388076714","https://openalex.org/W4389221959","https://openalex.org/W4390410347","https://openalex.org/W4390584593","https://openalex.org/W4399263393","https://openalex.org/W4402645965","https://openalex.org/W4410438230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1679315481","https://openalex.org/W3151495635","https://openalex.org/W4385170164","https://openalex.org/W4236870338","https://openalex.org/W2016917053","https://openalex.org/W1580681114","https://openalex.org/W51472912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biological":[0],"organisms":[1],"excel":[2],"in":[3,51,105,133,212],"dynamically":[4],"reshaping":[5],"their":[6,19],"bodies":[7],"to":[8,44,67,74,79,125,194],"navigate":[9],"and":[10,14,48,81,87,102,167,181,186,199,208],"manipulate":[11],"ever\u2010changing":[12],"environments,":[13],"some":[15],"can":[16,158],"even":[17],"tune":[18],"mechanical":[20],"properties":[21],"for":[22],"enhanced":[23],"adaptability.":[24],"Many":[25],"existing":[26],"shape\u2010morphing":[27],"robots":[28,156,183,198],"rely":[29,57],"on":[30,58],"the":[31,76,150],"inherent":[32],"softness":[33],"of":[34],"materials":[35],"or":[36],"structures,":[37],"which":[38,98],"sacrifices":[39],"load\u2010bearing":[40],"capacity.":[41],"Despite":[42],"efforts":[43],"achieve":[45],"both":[46,204],"morphing":[47,93,101],"stiffness":[49,104,135],"tuning":[50],"one":[52],"system,":[53],"these":[54],"strategies":[55],"often":[56],"separate":[59],"mechanisms,":[60],"such":[61],"as":[62],"heating":[63],"liquid":[64],"metal":[65],"components":[66],"reduce":[68],"rigidity":[69],"before":[70],"employing":[71],"other":[72],"mechanisms":[73],"change":[75],"shape,":[77],"leading":[78],"bulky":[80],"complex":[82],"systems":[83,201],"that":[84,157,172,202],"limit":[85],"practicality":[86],"scalability.":[88],"Here,":[89],"a":[90,106,129],"tunable\u2010stiffness":[91],"architected":[92],"structure":[94],"(TSAMS)":[95],"is":[96,147],"introduced,":[97],"unifies":[99],"shape":[100,116,140,206],"tunable":[103],"single,":[107],"compact":[108,170],"platform.":[109],"By":[110],"combining":[111],"3D\u2010printed":[112],"tessellated":[113],"particles":[114],"with":[115,149],"memory":[117],"alloy":[118],"springs,":[119],"TSAMS":[120],"transitions":[121],"smoothly":[122],"from":[123],"soft":[124,197],"rigid":[126],"states,":[127],"exhibiting":[128],"\u2248308":[130],"times":[131,177],"increase":[132],"bending":[134],"while":[136],"concurrently":[137],"executing":[138],"intricate":[139],"transformations":[141],"through":[142],"electrothermal":[143],"actuation.":[144],"This":[145],"design":[146],"demonstrated":[148],"following":[151],"robotic":[152],"applications,":[153],"including":[154],"rolling":[155],"explore":[159],"diverse":[160,213],"terrains":[161],"by":[162],"climbing":[163],"slopes,":[164],"avoiding":[165],"obstacles,":[166],"carrying":[168],"loads;":[169],"manipulators":[171],"lift":[173],"objects":[174],"nearly":[175],"50":[176],"heavier":[178],"than":[179],"themselves;":[180],"snake\u2010inspired":[182],"performing":[184],"undulation":[185],"sidewinding":[187],"gaits.":[188],"These":[189],"results":[190],"highlight":[191],"TSAMS's":[192],"potential":[193],"advance":[195],"next\u2010generation":[196],"bioinspired":[200],"demand":[203],"dynamic":[205],"reconfiguration":[207],"robust":[209],"structural":[210],"performance":[211],"operating":[214],"conditions.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
