{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406829761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400876","title":"Monolithic Desktop Digital Fabrication of Autonomous Walking Robots","display_name":"Monolithic Desktop Digital Fabrication of Autonomous Walking Robots","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406829761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202400876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400876","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202400876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202400876","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074251294","display_name":"Yichen Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6174-7421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California, San Diego  La Jolla CA 92093 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6174-7421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California, San Diego  La Jolla CA 92093 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078350548","display_name":"Jiayao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8281-0549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California, San Diego  La Jolla CA 92093 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8281-0549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California, San Diego  La Jolla CA 92093 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039868035","display_name":"Albert Boer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert De Boer","raw_affiliation_strings":["BASF 3D Printing Solutions B.V.  7821 AT Emmen The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BASF 3D Printing Solutions B.V.  7821 AT Emmen The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088985702","display_name":"Martin Faber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3993-5253"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Faber","raw_affiliation_strings":["BASF 3D Printing Solutions B.V.  7821 AT Emmen The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3993-5253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BASF 3D Printing Solutions B.V.  7821 AT Emmen The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034970510","display_name":"Rohini Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-9867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153624","display_name":"Retina Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05n2ytn05","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153624"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154007","display_name":"Digital Research Alliance of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/010r6td27","country_code":null,"type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohini Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Research Alliance BASF Corporation  Berkeley CA 94720 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-9867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Research Alliance BASF Corporation  Berkeley CA 94720 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153624","https://openalex.org/I4387154007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056621190","display_name":"Michael T. Tolley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-7777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael T. Tolley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California, San Diego  La Jolla CA 92093 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-7777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California, San Diego  La Jolla CA 92093 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056621190","https://openalex.org/A5074251294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":5.4427,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96428656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10868","display_name":"Soft Robotics and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6643791198730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.5623860955238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.530136227607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5227484703063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3210391402244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13511711359024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07729750871658325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6643791198730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.5623860955238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.530136227607727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5227484703063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3210391402244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13511711359024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07729750871658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202400876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400876","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202400876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:19eaa19798894f2ea83287eeb92ee4c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/19eaa19798894f2ea83287eeb92ee4c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol 7, Iss 5, Pp n/a-n/a (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202400876","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400876","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202400876","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3252811189","display_name":"Desktop Printing of Soft Robots with Integrated Fluidic Control Circuits","funder_award_id":"2331917","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332535","display_name":"BASF Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/002yzpx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/028yd4c30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406829761.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406829761.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603961186","https://openalex.org/W1609223620","https://openalex.org/W2025613329","https://openalex.org/W2049511808","https://openalex.org/W2054628872","https://openalex.org/W2069895424","https://openalex.org/W2074207981","https://openalex.org/W2079497341","https://openalex.org/W2129563024","https://openalex.org/W2163566443","https://openalex.org/W2166585449","https://openalex.org/W2219286031","https://openalex.org/W2403249444","https://openalex.org/W2515930553","https://openalex.org/W2518073382","https://openalex.org/W2528253749","https://openalex.org/W2560730116","https://openalex.org/W2625731136","https://openalex.org/W2737622699","https://openalex.org/W2738259110","https://openalex.org/W2763280265","https://openalex.org/W2765672642","https://openalex.org/W2798610722","https://openalex.org/W2881756927","https://openalex.org/W2924252827","https://openalex.org/W2949563790","https://openalex.org/W2954129390","https://openalex.org/W2957841344","https://openalex.org/W3126083260","https://openalex.org/W3129294316","https://openalex.org/W3182876518","https://openalex.org/W3210183521","https://openalex.org/W4210731752","https://openalex.org/W4210837905","https://openalex.org/W4244367163","https://openalex.org/W4294762466","https://openalex.org/W4297093909","https://openalex.org/W4353038822","https://openalex.org/W4367186379","https://openalex.org/W4381488164","https://openalex.org/W4388694028","https://openalex.org/W4391380825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2082914599","https://openalex.org/W2756570351","https://openalex.org/W2606427896","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2007805353","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,132,164],"fully":[1,153],"automated":[2],"fabrication":[3],"of":[4,118,122,129,134,145],"robots":[5,42,188],"has":[6,80],"long":[7],"been":[8],"a":[9,30,110,126,156,178],"holy":[10],"grail":[11],"with":[12,43,87,109,197],"the":[13,36,107,135],"potential":[14],"to":[15,33,38,137,171],"revolutionize":[16],"various":[17],"industries,":[18],"including":[19,77],"manufacturing,":[20],"construction,":[21],"disaster":[22],"relief,":[23],"and":[24,68,73,85,184],"space":[25],"exploration.":[26],"3D":[27,158,195],"printing":[28],"offers":[29],"promising":[31],"approach":[32],"automation,":[34],"but":[35,59,91],"ability":[37,133],"print":[39],"entire,":[40],"complex":[41],"multiple":[44,123],"materials":[45],"remains":[46,102],"limited.":[47],"Previous":[48],"approaches":[49],"have":[50],"simplified":[51],"robot":[52,143,165],"manufacturing":[53],"by":[54],"using":[55,193],"fluidic":[56],"control":[57,89,94,138],"circuits,":[58,90],"these":[60],"rely":[61],"on":[62,147,155],"labor\u2010intensive":[63],"methods":[64],"like":[65],"silicone":[66],"molding":[67],"manual":[69],"assembly,":[70],"limiting":[71],"accessibility":[72],"replicability.":[74],"Recent":[75],"work,":[76,79],"this":[78],"demonstrated":[81],"3D\u2010printed":[82],"robotic":[83],"grippers":[84],"crawlers":[86],"embedded":[88],"generating":[92,119],"cyclic":[93],"outputs":[95],"for":[96],"legged":[97,142],"locomotion":[98],"in":[99],"rough":[100,148],"terrain":[101],"challenging.":[103],"This":[104,175],"study":[105],"addresses":[106],"challenge":[108],"monolithic":[111],"3D\u2010printable":[112],"four\u2010phase":[113],"bistable":[114],"oscillating":[115],"valve,":[116],"capable":[117,144],"coordinated":[120],"motion":[121],"limbs":[124],"from":[125],"steady":[127],"source":[128],"pressurized":[130],"air.":[131],"oscillator":[136],"an":[139,172],"electronics\u2010free":[140],"autonomous":[141,186],"walking":[146],"terrain,":[149],"which":[150],"can":[151,190],"be":[152,191],"fabricated":[154],"desktop":[157,194],"printer":[159],"without":[160],"postassembly":[161],"is":[162,166],"demonstrated.":[163],"operational":[167],"immediately":[168],"upon":[169],"connection":[170],"air":[173],"supply.":[174],"development":[176],"marks":[177],"significant":[179],"step":[180],"toward":[181],"accessible,":[182],"customizable,":[183],"biodegradable":[185],"soft":[187],"that":[189],"produced":[192],"printers":[196],"no":[198],"human":[199],"intervention.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
