{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401497789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400429","title":"Large Language Model\u2010Based Chatbots in Higher Education","display_name":"Large Language Model\u2010Based Chatbots in Higher Education","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401497789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202400429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400429","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202400429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202400429","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041522665","display_name":"Defne Yigci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-1986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Defne Yigci","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine Ko\u00e7 University  34450 Istanbul Turkey","School of Medicine Ko\u00e7 University 34450 Istanbul Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine Ko\u00e7 University  34450 Istanbul Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine Ko\u00e7 University 34450 Istanbul Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008103604","display_name":"Merve Ery\u0131lmaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-7665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merve Eryilmaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)  Los Angeles CA 90095 USA","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)  Los Angeles CA 90095 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106392760","display_name":"Ail K. Yetisen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ail K. Yetisen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London  London SW7 2AZ UK","Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London  London SW7 2AZ UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027449159","display_name":"Sava\u015f Ta\u015fo\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4604-217X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","display_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jzwgz36","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135521","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/04fq9j139","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}],"countries":["DE","TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Savas Tasoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering Ko\u00e7 University  34450 Sariyer Istanbul Turkey","Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems  70569 Stuttgart Germany","Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany","Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-6106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Ko\u00e7 University  34450 Sariyer Istanbul Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems  70569 Stuttgart Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Intelligence Department Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems 70569 Stuttgart Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135521"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016207990","display_name":"Aydogan \u00d6zcan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0717-683X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142207940","display_name":"California NanoSystems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q7fqf35","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142207940","https://openalex.org/I154570441","https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aydogan Ozcan","raw_affiliation_strings":["California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)  Los Angeles CA USA","Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)  Los Angeles CA USA","Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)  Los Angeles CA 90095 USA","Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA","California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0717-683X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)  Los Angeles CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142207940","https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)  Los Angeles CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)  Los Angeles CA 90095 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142207940","https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016207990","https://openalex.org/A5027449159"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1351752","https://openalex.org/I142207940","https://openalex.org/I161318765","https://openalex.org/I4210135521"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"fwci":25.46,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99692354,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4352274537086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4091007113456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3483344316482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.22907865047454834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4352274537086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4091007113456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3483344316482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.22907865047454834}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202400429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400429","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202400429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fefd5f1ea4a54824a804f3b70f2b330b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fefd5f1ea4a54824a804f3b70f2b330b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202400429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202400429","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202400429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.75,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G669125070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"118C391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8981801188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101003361","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","funder_display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308269","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/012kf4317"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325520","display_name":"Bilim Akademisi","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401497789.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401497789.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1689711448","https://openalex.org/W2026539857","https://openalex.org/W2030759611","https://openalex.org/W2075134446","https://openalex.org/W2101346879","https://openalex.org/W2117966700","https://openalex.org/W2603920273","https://openalex.org/W2747680751","https://openalex.org/W2807888536","https://openalex.org/W2904197112","https://openalex.org/W2962949934","https://openalex.org/W2991911032","https://openalex.org/W3026997957","https://openalex.org/W3033190121","https://openalex.org/W3047281291","https://openalex.org/W3083762786","https://openalex.org/W3084021717","https://openalex.org/W3090450303","https://openalex.org/W3095319910","https://openalex.org/W3105747145","https://openalex.org/W3163652268","https://openalex.org/W3206907907","https://openalex.org/W3207559276","https://openalex.org/W3212386989","https://openalex.org/W3214468526","https://openalex.org/W4200373446","https://openalex.org/W4236521339","https://openalex.org/W4280600980","https://openalex.org/W4313453502","https://openalex.org/W4317390716","https://openalex.org/W4318014888","https://openalex.org/W4319332969","https://openalex.org/W4322718191","https://openalex.org/W4322719791","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4323668547","https://openalex.org/W4323793439","https://openalex.org/W4323848232","https://openalex.org/W4324046518","https://openalex.org/W4324129637","https://openalex.org/W4324130227","https://openalex.org/W4324304837","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4360945746","https://openalex.org/W4361272179","https://openalex.org/W4361293442","https://openalex.org/W4365450342","https://openalex.org/W4365512576","https://openalex.org/W4366000773","https://openalex.org/W4366403195","https://openalex.org/W4366783381","https://openalex.org/W4366989525","https://openalex.org/W4367595583","https://openalex.org/W4375858605","https://openalex.org/W4376122030","https://openalex.org/W4377043947","https://openalex.org/W4378220797","https://openalex.org/W4378783467","https://openalex.org/W4379259169","https://openalex.org/W4379279977","https://openalex.org/W4379598302","https://openalex.org/W4380319827","https://openalex.org/W4383295164","https://openalex.org/W4383346782","https://openalex.org/W4383376458","https://openalex.org/W4383817745","https://openalex.org/W4384200891","https://openalex.org/W4384464487","https://openalex.org/W4384561707","https://openalex.org/W4385242971","https://openalex.org/W4385346108","https://openalex.org/W4385380523","https://openalex.org/W4385452929","https://openalex.org/W4385497937","https://openalex.org/W4385741595","https://openalex.org/W4385757151","https://openalex.org/W4386120650","https://openalex.org/W4386266388","https://openalex.org/W4386322180","https://openalex.org/W4386545809","https://openalex.org/W4386623802","https://openalex.org/W4386913852","https://openalex.org/W4386959594","https://openalex.org/W4386973901","https://openalex.org/W4387232979","https://openalex.org/W4387671443","https://openalex.org/W4387950352","https://openalex.org/W4388494284","https://openalex.org/W4388718403","https://openalex.org/W4388817859","https://openalex.org/W4390509729","https://openalex.org/W4391494845","https://openalex.org/W4391544808","https://openalex.org/W4391759824","https://openalex.org/W4391980905","https://openalex.org/W4392669753","https://openalex.org/W4392721344","https://openalex.org/W4392808709","https://openalex.org/W4396827139","https://openalex.org/W4396832250","https://openalex.org/W4396946736","https://openalex.org/W4398277600","https://openalex.org/W4400903563","https://openalex.org/W4402671236","https://openalex.org/W4404658388","https://openalex.org/W4404782847","https://openalex.org/W4407950704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1,15],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4,169,180,198],"artificial":[5],"intelligence":[6],"(AI)":[7],"platforms":[8,179],"capable":[9],"of":[10,53,70,84,125,128,154,157,163,184,191],"analyzing":[11],"and":[12,77,94,103,130,133,160,173],"mimicking":[13],"natural":[14],"processing.":[16],"Leveraging":[17],"deep":[18],"learning,":[19,106],"LLM":[20],"capabilities":[21],"have":[22,136,144],"been":[23,80,138,145],"advanced":[24],"significantly,":[25],"giving":[26],"rise":[27],"to":[28,147],"generative":[29],"chatbots":[30,86,165],"such":[31],"as":[32],"Generative":[33],"Pre\u2010trained":[34],"Transformer":[35],"(GPT).":[36],"GPT\u20101":[37],"was":[38],"initially":[39],"released":[40],"by":[41],"OpenAI":[42],"in":[43,47,55,64,72,87,166,188,194],"2018.":[44],"ChatGPT's":[45],"release":[46],"2022":[48],"marked":[49],"a":[50],"global":[51],"record":[52],"speed":[54],"technology":[56],"uptake,":[57],"attracting":[58],"more":[59],"than":[60],"100":[61],"million":[62],"users":[63],"two":[65],"months.":[66],"Consequently,":[67],"the":[68,123,152,189],"utility":[69],"LLMs":[71,97],"fields":[73],"including":[74],"engineering,":[75],"healthcare,":[76],"education":[78,89,168,196],"has":[79,90],"explored.":[81,199],"The":[82,182],"potential":[83,161],"LLM\u2010based":[85,158,164,185],"higher":[88,109,167,195],"sparked":[91],"significant":[92],"interest":[93],"ignited":[95],"debates.":[96],"can":[98,112],"offer":[99],"personalized":[100],"learning":[101,178,192],"experiences":[102,193],"advance":[104],"asynchronized":[105],"potentially":[107],"revolutionizing":[108],"education,":[110],"but":[111],"also":[113],"undermine":[114],"academic":[115],"integrity.":[116],"Although":[117],"concerns":[118,174],"regarding":[119],"AI\u2010generated":[120],"output":[121],"accuracy,":[122],"spread":[124],"misinformation,":[126],"propagation":[127],"biases,":[129],"other":[131],"legal":[132],"ethical":[134],"issues":[135],"not":[137],"fully":[139],"addressed":[140],"yet,":[141],"several":[142],"strategies":[143],"implemented":[146],"mitigate":[148],"these":[149],"limitations.":[150],"Here,":[151],"development":[153],"LLMs,":[155],"properties":[156],"chatbots,":[159],"applications":[162],"discussed.":[170],"Current":[171],"challenges":[172],"associated":[175],"with":[176],"AI\u2010based":[177],"outlined.":[181],"potentials":[183],"chatbot":[186],"use":[187],"context":[190],"settings":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
