{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388616214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300399","title":"Binary\u2010Stochasticity\u2010Enabled Highly Efficient Neuromorphic Deep Learning Achieves Better\u2010than\u2010Software Accuracy","display_name":"Binary\u2010Stochasticity\u2010Enabled Highly Efficient Neuromorphic Deep Learning Achieves Better\u2010than\u2010Software Accuracy","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388616214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202300399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300399","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300399","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421388","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9820-0016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory  Shenzhen 518000 China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory  Shenzhen 518000 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100664972","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7206-8659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory  Shenzhen 518000 China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory  Shenzhen 518000 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432583","display_name":"Ming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-9871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Institute of Chip and System State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University  Shanghai 200433 China","Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University  Shanghai 200433 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063861198","display_name":"Chunmeng Dou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-9655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunmeng Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059793510","display_name":"Zhengyu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0258-7821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory  Shenzhen 518000 China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory  Shenzhen 518000 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054579471","display_name":"Huihui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-2623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huihui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory  Shenzhen 518000 China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory  Shenzhen 518000 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364050","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-8875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory  Shenzhen 518000 China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory  Shenzhen 518000 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013456803","display_name":"Nicola Lepri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-4058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Lepri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano  20133 Milano Italy","Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano  20133 Milano Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102860593","display_name":"Xumeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-151X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xumeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Institute of Chip and System State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University  Shanghai 200433 China","Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University  Shanghai 200433 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347778","display_name":"Qing Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3419-4400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049920459","display_name":"Xiaoxin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0277-1314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083546723","display_name":"Guanhua Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-7040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanhua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401317","display_name":"Feng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2316-0392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435353","display_name":"Ling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054173368","display_name":"Daniele Ielmini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1853-1614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Ielmini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano  20133 Milano Italy","Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano  20133 Milano Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347764","display_name":"Ming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0937-7547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Institute of Chip and System State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University  Shanghai 200433 China","Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University  Shanghai 200433 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Institute of Chip and System, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100664972"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"fwci":0.7921,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72437704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.7902313470840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.7503700256347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7377198934555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.6187201142311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5520694851875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5354172587394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-computing","display_name":"Stochastic computing","score":0.5244781374931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.521709144115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5198243856430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.49430155754089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.456061989068985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42140743136405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.36955034732818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.24479243159294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10655176639556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08267086744308472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.7902313470840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.7503700256347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7377198934555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.6187201142311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5520694851875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5354172587394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780971903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933705","display_name":"Stochastic computing","level":3,"score":0.5244781374931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.521709144115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5198243856430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.49430155754089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.456061989068985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42140743136405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.36955034732818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.24479243159294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10655176639556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08267086744308472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202300399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300399","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1255737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1255737","pdf_url":"https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1255737/1/2023_aisy.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fa29901c0caa49438007068fa935eaea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fa29901c0caa49438007068fa935eaea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202300399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300399","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1774558579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3619025135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62104042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4339356882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PCL2023AS3-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318558","funder_display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4502675153","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PCL2023AS2-3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318558","funder_display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G849254669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Basic and frontier research project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318558","funder_display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318558","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388616214.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30445584","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1992109034","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2003400208","https://openalex.org/W2009839417","https://openalex.org/W2060501200","https://openalex.org/W2085957678","https://openalex.org/W2112246162","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2147101007","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2307193480","https://openalex.org/W2321609157","https://openalex.org/W2329937427","https://openalex.org/W2464569091","https://openalex.org/W2554279936","https://openalex.org/W2573150449","https://openalex.org/W2585407525","https://openalex.org/W2743575928","https://openalex.org/W2778935320","https://openalex.org/W2782791387","https://openalex.org/W2790669755","https://openalex.org/W2803163155","https://openalex.org/W2805362231","https://openalex.org/W2807750997","https://openalex.org/W2912495531","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2923010225","https://openalex.org/W2962939807","https://openalex.org/W2973749712","https://openalex.org/W2974585810","https://openalex.org/W2984844508","https://openalex.org/W2988559779","https://openalex.org/W3003821665","https://openalex.org/W3008608336","https://openalex.org/W3012045830","https://openalex.org/W3025017204","https://openalex.org/W3040303671","https://openalex.org/W3061567197","https://openalex.org/W3130048023","https://openalex.org/W4214557309","https://openalex.org/W4285217648","https://openalex.org/W4292121737","https://openalex.org/W4298042826","https://openalex.org/W4313430026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137378424","https://openalex.org/W2809732489","https://openalex.org/W1872623660","https://openalex.org/W3207218810","https://openalex.org/W4292697011","https://openalex.org/W4287780255","https://openalex.org/W3212508523","https://openalex.org/W3023361272","https://openalex.org/W1995352804","https://openalex.org/W2909534142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,106],"work,":[2],"the":[3,13,33,38,45,77,147],"requirement":[4,78],"of":[5,27,48,120,130],"using":[6,95],"high\u2010precision":[7],"(HP)":[8],"signals":[9,29,81],"is":[10,30,53,74,83],"lifted":[11],"and":[12,56,67,86,127],"circuits":[14],"for":[15,79],"implementing":[16],"deep":[17,89],"learning":[18,35,41,90,99,149],"algorithms":[19],"in":[20,65,105,142],"memristor\u2010based":[21,69,125],"hardware":[22,70,126],"are":[23],"simplified.":[24],"The":[25,101],"use":[26],"HP":[28,63,80,148],"required":[31],"by":[32,117],"backpropagation":[34],"algorithm":[36,64,103,150],"since":[37],"gradient":[39],"descent":[40],"rule":[42],"relies":[43],"on":[44],"chain":[46],"product":[47],"partial":[49],"derivatives.":[50],"However,":[51],"it":[52,73],"both":[54],"challenging":[55],"biologically":[57],"implausible":[58],"to":[59,123,133],"implement":[60],"such":[61],"an":[62],"noisy":[66],"analog":[68],"systems.":[71],"Herein,":[72],"demonstrated":[75],"that":[76],"handling":[82],"not":[84],"necessary":[85],"more":[87],"efficient":[88],"can":[91],"be":[92],"achieved":[93],"when":[94],"a":[96],"binary":[97],"stochastic":[98],"algorithm.":[100],"new":[102],"proposed":[104],"work":[107],"modifies":[108],"elementary":[109],"neural":[110],"network":[111],"operations,":[112],"which":[113],"improves":[114],"energy":[115],"efficiency":[116],"two":[118],"orders":[119,129],"magnitude":[121,131],"compared":[122,132],"traditional":[124],"three":[128],"complementary":[134],"metal\u2013oxide\u2013semiconductor\u2010based":[135],"hardware.":[136],"It":[137],"also":[138],"provides":[139],"better":[140],"accuracy":[141],"pattern":[143],"recognition":[144],"tasks":[145],"than":[146],"benchmarks.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
