{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387520122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300314","title":"Identification of Location and Geometry of Invisible Internal Defects in Structures using Deep Learning and Surface Deformation Field","display_name":"Identification of Location and Geometry of Invisible Internal Defects in Structures using Deep Learning and Surface Deformation Field","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387520122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202300314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300314","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300314","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090743227","display_name":"Suman Timilsina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-9369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suman Timilsina","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNU Research Institute of Artificial Intelligent Diagnosis Technology of Multi-scale Organic and Inorganic Structure Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","KNU Research Institute of Artificial Intelligent Diagnosis Technology of Multi-scale Organic and Inorganic Structure, Kyungpook National University, Kyeongbuk, 37224 Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNU Research Institute of Artificial Intelligent Diagnosis Technology of Multi-scale Organic and Inorganic Structure Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNU Research Institute of Artificial Intelligent Diagnosis Technology of Multi-scale Organic and Inorganic Structure, Kyungpook National University, Kyeongbuk, 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013403554","display_name":"Seong Min Jang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong Min Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, Kyeongbuk, 37224 Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, Kyeongbuk, 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052434163","display_name":"Cheol Woo Jo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheol Woo Jo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110081704","display_name":"Yong Nam Kwon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108341","display_name":"Korea Institute of Materials Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01rwkhb30","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210108341","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Nam Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Platform Korea Institute of Materials Science  Changwon 51508 Republic of Korea","Department of Digital Platform, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508 Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Platform Korea Institute of Materials Science  Changwon 51508 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Platform, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033246805","display_name":"Kee\u2010Sun Sohn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-2283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kee-Sun Sohn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong University  209 Neungdong ro, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-747 Republic of Korea","Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747 Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong University  209 Neungdong ro, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-747 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101670796","display_name":"Kwang Ho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-8563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kwang Ho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automotive Engineering Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","Department of Automotive Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Kyeongbuk, 37224 Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automotive Engineering Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automotive Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Kyeongbuk, 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033516194","display_name":"Ji Sik Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ji Sik Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University  Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering Kyungpook National University Kyeongbuk 37224 Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033246805","https://openalex.org/A5033516194","https://openalex.org/A5101670796","https://openalex.org/A5110081704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354","https://openalex.org/I31419693","https://openalex.org/I4210108341"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"fwci":1.0214,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72849975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"12","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.7409466505050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5776803493499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.56766277551651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.566226065158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.5151066184043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5013105869293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.49884915351867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.46919605135917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.44562283158302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4206249415874481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37297457456588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3630130887031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2907898724079132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.24486011266708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09241336584091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08656945824623108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.7409466505050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5776803493499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.56766277551651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.566226065158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5151066184043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5013105869293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.49884915351867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.46919605135917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44562283158302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4206249415874481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37297457456588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3630130887031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2907898724079132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24486011266708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09241336584091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08656945824623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202300314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300314","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:86fdd1f8a79147e2935655ccc41d0852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/86fdd1f8a79147e2935655ccc41d0852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol 5, Iss 12, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202300314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300314","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300314","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G685814155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017R1A2B4001877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7931201785","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2C1005732","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G981695811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1I1A3052916","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387520122.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033102682","https://openalex.org/W2047655099","https://openalex.org/W2088855973","https://openalex.org/W2213816507","https://openalex.org/W2515751428","https://openalex.org/W2616644355","https://openalex.org/W2793605784","https://openalex.org/W2801341571","https://openalex.org/W2801439730","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2996367417","https://openalex.org/W2997565213","https://openalex.org/W3034745255","https://openalex.org/W3042482584","https://openalex.org/W3095211671","https://openalex.org/W3110031974","https://openalex.org/W3113769242","https://openalex.org/W3121572802","https://openalex.org/W3125820183","https://openalex.org/W3128273553","https://openalex.org/W3161657067","https://openalex.org/W3170840593","https://openalex.org/W3198550546","https://openalex.org/W3212775438","https://openalex.org/W4212812744","https://openalex.org/W4213199992","https://openalex.org/W4214650168","https://openalex.org/W4214809043","https://openalex.org/W4220735705","https://openalex.org/W4225140846","https://openalex.org/W4283310701","https://openalex.org/W4284702549","https://openalex.org/W4287377762","https://openalex.org/W4288692492","https://openalex.org/W4296038296","https://openalex.org/W4300860912","https://openalex.org/W4309102516","https://openalex.org/W4311984791","https://openalex.org/W4313379768","https://openalex.org/W4313526338","https://openalex.org/W4323662520","https://openalex.org/W4353029687","https://openalex.org/W4364365666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043230455","https://openalex.org/W3002438267","https://openalex.org/W3212166813","https://openalex.org/W2349790901","https://openalex.org/W2332954643","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2967842629","https://openalex.org/W2381618937","https://openalex.org/W2093090708","https://openalex.org/W3001912682"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On\u2010site":[0],"inspection":[1],"of":[2,50,95,106,117,123,132,199],"invisible":[3,118],"subsurface":[4,51,119,161],"defects":[5,52,87,201],"in":[6,109,202],"multiscale":[7,193],"structural":[8,185,194],"materials":[9],"by":[10],"conventional":[11],"nondestructive":[12,166],"testing":[13],"(NDT)":[14],"methods,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,114],"X\u2010ray":[18],"and":[19,25,40,46,60,78,88,99,134,156,159,167,179,197],"ultrasound,":[20],"requires":[21],"complex":[22],"sample":[23],"preparation":[24],"data":[26],"acquisition":[27],"processes.":[28],"Moreover,":[29],"the":[30,48,104,124,143,149],"inspected":[31],"area":[32],"is":[33,65,127,165,173,189],"very":[34],"small.":[35],"Herein,":[36],"a":[37],"simple,":[38],"inexpensive,":[39],"ultrasensitive":[41],"NDT":[42],"method":[43,164,188],"for":[44,82,192],"identifying":[45],"classifying":[47],"geometries":[49],"using":[53],"commercial":[54],"cameras,":[55],"digital":[56],"image":[57],"correlation":[58],"software,":[59],"object":[61],"detection":[62],"(OD)":[63],"algorithms":[64],"developed.":[66],"Three":[67],"OD":[68],"algorithms\u2014Faster":[69],"region\u2010based":[70],"convolutional":[71],"neural":[72],"network":[73],"(Faster":[74],"R\u2010CNN),":[75],"Mask":[76],"R\u2010CNN,":[77],"you\u2010only\u2010look\u2010once":[79],"(YOLO)v3\u2014are":[80],"evaluated":[81],"their":[83],"ability":[84],"to":[85,103,154,183],"locate":[86,158],"identify":[89,160],"defect":[90,136],"geometries.":[91],"Specifically,":[92],"bounding":[93],"boxes":[94],"two":[96],"sizes":[97],"(large":[98],"small)":[100],"are":[101],"applied":[102,182],"regions":[105],"defect\u2010induced":[107],"perturbations":[108],"strain":[110],"tensors,":[111],"which":[112],"serve":[113],"virtual":[115],"representatives":[116],"defects.":[120,162],"The":[121,138,163,187],"performance":[122],"proposed":[125,144],"approach":[126,145],"validated":[128],"on":[129],"test":[130],"datasets":[131],"known":[133],"unknown":[135],"types.":[137],"experimental":[139],"results":[140],"confirm":[141],"that":[142],"can":[146,180],"effectively":[147],"utilize":[148],"surface":[150],"deformation":[151,177],"field":[152],"information":[153],"accurately":[155],"reliably":[157],"low":[168],"cost,":[169],"enables":[170],"real\u2010time":[171],"detection,":[172],"robust":[174],"against":[175],"noise\u2010dominated":[176],"fields,":[178],"be":[181],"various":[184],"deformations.":[186],"therefore":[190],"suitable":[191],"health":[195],"monitoring":[196],"characterization":[198],"internal":[200],"materials.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}