{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381851235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300070","title":"Recent Advances in Electrically Driven Soft Actuators across Dimensional Scales from 2D to 3D","display_name":"Recent Advances in Electrically Driven Soft Actuators across Dimensional Scales from 2D to 3D","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381851235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202300070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300070","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300070","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101610501","display_name":"Dengfeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8875-6974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325714086","display_name":"Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/030jqbn26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325714086","https://openalex.org/I2800501823"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengfeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE)  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE)  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325714086"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402557","display_name":"Jian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-0932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325714086","display_name":"Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/030jqbn26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325714086","https://openalex.org/I2800501823"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE)  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE)  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325714086"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606186","display_name":"Pengcheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7990-4234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100628452","display_name":"Guangyao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-4898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071372600","display_name":"Qing\u2019ao Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing'ao Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005541300","display_name":"Xinge Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-1171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325714086","display_name":"Department of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/030jqbn26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325714086","https://openalex.org/I2800501823"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105229","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinge Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute  Shenzhen 518057 China","Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE)  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute  Shenzhen 518057 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE)  Hong Kong SAR 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325714086"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I4210105229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005541300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325714086","https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I4210105229"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"fwci":3.7086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93836223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11737","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.8354015946388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-robotics","display_name":"Soft robotics","score":0.7708432078361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5380340218544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5127049684524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.4726867973804474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.4639790654182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.43929651379585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.43850457668304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.42481136322021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.4035615921020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.391571581363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3803282380104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.36719030141830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.13682934641838074}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8354015946388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24327151","display_name":"Soft robotics","level":3,"score":0.7708432078361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5380340218544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5127049684524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4726867973804474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.4639790654182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43929651379585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.43850457668304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.42481136322021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4035615921020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.391571581363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3803282380104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.36719030141830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.13682934641838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202300070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300070","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/e017f623-0f67-4550-a690-6016e27ce074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2031/e017f623-0f67-4550-a690-6016e27ce074","pdf_url":"https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/files/186645524/157863791.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055387","display_name":"CityU Scholars","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Li, D, Li, J, Wu, P, Zhao, G, Qu, Q & Yu, X 2024, 'Recent Advances in Electrically Driven Soft Actuators across Dimensional Scales from 2D to 3D', Advanced Intelligent Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, 2300070. https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300070","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0c2a7540e9284b6f8f8100f2d010efb6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0c2a7540e9284b6f8f8100f2d010efb6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202300070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300070","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/aisy.202300070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G129940681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"InnoHK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1859322275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"InnoHK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1911320266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20200109110201713","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2249927815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9667221 and 9680322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2981938667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Shenzhen","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3757194791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3869256782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G396591148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9680322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4197678328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9667221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G55326115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6212200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6163091765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7069554542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9680322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","funder_display_name":"City University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8208342437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8609133399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COCHE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04vf9tr09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381851235.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381851235.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":180,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483017121","https://openalex.org/W1560270123","https://openalex.org/W1973565005","https://openalex.org/W1981363934","https://openalex.org/W1987828839","https://openalex.org/W2010643522","https://openalex.org/W2016725708","https://openalex.org/W2017545194","https://openalex.org/W2089123823","https://openalex.org/W2103979104","https://openalex.org/W2115412172","https://openalex.org/W2127330040","https://openalex.org/W2164981688","https://openalex.org/W2183308536","https://openalex.org/W2286933417","https://openalex.org/W2314972478","https://openalex.org/W2330718237","https://openalex.org/W2510508197","https://openalex.org/W2522007538","https://openalex.org/W2547881505","https://openalex.org/W2553418415","https://openalex.org/W2562540456","https://openalex.org/W2565037204","https://openalex.org/W2594119212","https://openalex.org/W2605221221","https://openalex.org/W2612273199","https://openalex.org/W2616066279","https://openalex.org/W2620244975","https://openalex.org/W2622630997","https://openalex.org/W2765582719","https://openalex.org/W2775156233","https://openalex.org/W2775854755","https://openalex.org/W2789418330","https://openalex.org/W2791750990","https://openalex.org/W2792642298","https://openalex.org/W2792903561","https://openalex.org/W2796819279","https://openalex.org/W2800319485","https://openalex.org/W2801035509","https://openalex.org/W2801704144","https://openalex.org/W2801934015","https://openalex.org/W2803265486","https://openalex.org/W2809416073","https://openalex.org/W2809610719","https://openalex.org/W2883132479","https://openalex.org/W2887201572","https://openalex.org/W2888536264","https://openalex.org/W2888962677","https://openalex.org/W2889752517","https://openalex.org/W2891568757","https://openalex.org/W2892704179","https://openalex.org/W2893291688","https://openalex.org/W2893553426","https://openalex.org/W2896809718","https://openalex.org/W2897165526","https://openalex.org/W2897586602","https://openalex.org/W2901003086","https://openalex.org/W2902872185","https://openalex.org/W2905335417","https://openalex.org/W2911132217","https://openalex.org/W2941630422","https://openalex.org/W2943347435","https://openalex.org/W2946598688","https://openalex.org/W2950932995","https://openalex.org/W2953423523","https://openalex.org/W2955102412","https://openalex.org/W2957257771","https://openalex.org/W2959338391","https://openalex.org/W2960630303","https://openalex.org/W2961058932","https://openalex.org/W2965527969","https://openalex.org/W2973344305","https://openalex.org/W2977569883","https://openalex.org/W2980226664","https://openalex.org/W2980227422","https://openalex.org/W2981183946","https://openalex.org/W2984434272","https://openalex.org/W2989390964","https://openalex.org/W2989803300","https://openalex.org/W2991272439","https://openalex.org/W2994163542","https://openalex.org/W2995503634","https://openalex.org/W2996391250","https://openalex.org/W2996491767","https://openalex.org/W3005613386","https://openalex.org/W3008011198","https://openalex.org/W3011662132","https://openalex.org/W3018423233","https://openalex.org/W3020714075","https://openalex.org/W3021709550","https://openalex.org/W3022907347","https://openalex.org/W3023001773","https://openalex.org/W3023243491","https://openalex.org/W3031730321","https://openalex.org/W3042021489","https://openalex.org/W3042764394","https://openalex.org/W3045074289","https://openalex.org/W3045798832","https://openalex.org/W3080675481","https://openalex.org/W3092338225","https://openalex.org/W3104152360","https://openalex.org/W3107562919","https://openalex.org/W3109936944","https://openalex.org/W3120076521","https://openalex.org/W3122513307","https://openalex.org/W3133844356","https://openalex.org/W3137796601","https://openalex.org/W3142828593","https://openalex.org/W3148514202","https://openalex.org/W3157385138","https://openalex.org/W3158004858","https://openalex.org/W3162767744","https://openalex.org/W3162889977","https://openalex.org/W3163102877","https://openalex.org/W3170948106","https://openalex.org/W3171124015","https://openalex.org/W3175311635","https://openalex.org/W3176896930","https://openalex.org/W3177722432","https://openalex.org/W3180641052","https://openalex.org/W3182768015","https://openalex.org/W3182876518","https://openalex.org/W3193420437","https://openalex.org/W3193722108","https://openalex.org/W3196617904","https://openalex.org/W3196976940","https://openalex.org/W3201379615","https://openalex.org/W3205418609","https://openalex.org/W3206796400","https://openalex.org/W3208857817","https://openalex.org/W3209565132","https://openalex.org/W3215514187","https://openalex.org/W3217225344","https://openalex.org/W4200000246","https://openalex.org/W4200023539","https://openalex.org/W4200178378","https://openalex.org/W4200320559","https://openalex.org/W4200543271","https://openalex.org/W4200608839","https://openalex.org/W4205538552","https://openalex.org/W4210529131","https://openalex.org/W4210970186","https://openalex.org/W4213028169","https://openalex.org/W4220702735","https://openalex.org/W4220846640","https://openalex.org/W4220999742","https://openalex.org/W4238948759","https://openalex.org/W4280492433","https://openalex.org/W4282581496","https://openalex.org/W4282930381","https://openalex.org/W4282937534","https://openalex.org/W4282975176","https://openalex.org/W4283171582","https://openalex.org/W4283263216","https://openalex.org/W4283327051","https://openalex.org/W4283759542","https://openalex.org/W4285728475","https://openalex.org/W4286203302","https://openalex.org/W4286219926","https://openalex.org/W4288096034","https://openalex.org/W4289932573","https://openalex.org/W4291815111","https://openalex.org/W4293761002","https://openalex.org/W4295795054","https://openalex.org/W4296311800","https://openalex.org/W4296887807","https://openalex.org/W4303453504","https://openalex.org/W4303579292","https://openalex.org/W4304698290","https://openalex.org/W4306412000","https://openalex.org/W4309378238","https://openalex.org/W4310022390","https://openalex.org/W4310256693","https://openalex.org/W4310277635","https://openalex.org/W4311574023","https://openalex.org/W4311822530","https://openalex.org/W4312126359","https://openalex.org/W4313207328","https://openalex.org/W4317373359","https://openalex.org/W4321440911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280652955","https://openalex.org/W2954638906","https://openalex.org/W1508899372","https://openalex.org/W2326585759","https://openalex.org/W4312473168","https://openalex.org/W4385439013","https://openalex.org/W4211124276","https://openalex.org/W4312269480","https://openalex.org/W3182175143","https://openalex.org/W4296449477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soft":[0],"actuators":[1,62,112,135,184],"have":[2,83],"been":[3],"an":[4,54],"important":[5,177],"research":[6],"focus":[7],"in":[8,14,29,124,127,192],"robotics":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,57,66,113,118,167],"their":[12],"advantages":[13],"nondestructive":[15],"contact":[16],"and":[17,28,40,59,69,76,96,131,150,185],"excellent":[18],"motion":[19],"adaptability,":[20],"which":[21,90,144],"enable":[22],"flexible":[23],"manipulation,":[24],"extreme":[25],"environments":[26],"exploration,":[27],"vivo":[30],"surgical":[31],"treatment.":[32],"Various":[33],"soft":[34,61,111,134,170,183],"robots":[35],"actuated":[36],"electrically,":[37],"magnetically,":[38],"optically,":[39],"fluidically":[41],"are":[42,64,142,165],"built":[43],"toward":[44],"different":[45],"application":[46],"scenarios.":[47],"Among":[48],"them,":[49],"electrical":[50],"actuation":[51],"method":[52],"is":[53],"advanced":[55],"choice":[56],"actuate":[58],"control":[60],"that":[63],"expected":[65],"be":[67,92],"compatible":[68],"integrated":[70,189],"with":[71,121],"existing":[72],"industrial":[73],"robotic":[74,81,190],"systems":[75,82,191],"wearable":[77],"intelligent":[78],"devices.":[79],"Current":[80],"higher":[84],"requirements":[85],"on":[86,100],"the":[87,106,110,137,160,180,186,193],"actuators\u2019":[88],"function,":[89],"can":[91],"explored":[93],"through":[94],"material":[95],"structural":[97,107],"designs.":[98],"Based":[99],"a":[101],"variety":[102],"of":[103,139,182,188],"deformable":[104],"materials,":[105,147],"design":[108,141],"enables":[109],"span":[114],"from":[115,136],"low":[116],"dimension":[117,120,140],"high":[119],"further":[122],"improvement":[123],"function.":[125],"Therefore,":[126],"this":[128],"review,":[129],"2D":[130],"3D":[132,155,161,169],"electrical\u2010based":[133],"perspective":[138],"introduced,":[143],"involve":[145],"functional":[146],"structure":[148],"design,":[149],"fabrication":[151,156],"technology.":[152],"Some":[153],"novel":[154],"methods,":[157],"such":[158],"as":[159],"compressive":[162],"buckling":[163],"process,":[164],"summarized":[166],"build":[168],"robots.":[171],"This":[172],"review":[173],"aims":[174],"at":[175],"offering":[176],"guidelines":[178],"for":[179],"development":[181],"construction":[187],"future.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}