{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196807184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202100114","title":"Energy\u2010Efficient Memristive Euclidean Distance Engine for Brain\u2010Inspired Competitive Learning","display_name":"Energy\u2010Efficient Memristive Euclidean Distance Engine for Brain\u2010Inspired Competitive Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196807184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202100114","mag":"3196807184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202100114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202100114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202100114","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027705336","display_name":"Houji Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1751-5265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houji Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010242765","display_name":"Jia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9896-1656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429062","display_name":"Yinan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1558-960X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology  Changsha China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology  Changsha China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358496","display_name":"Sen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7198-9106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology  Changsha China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology  Changsha China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421744","display_name":"Yi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-8550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-8550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102990218","display_name":"Qingjiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-3198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingjiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology  Changsha China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology  Changsha China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101600614","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-3582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Fudan University  Shanghai China","School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Fudan University  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090042508","display_name":"Zhongrui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-0677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongrui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022043246","display_name":"Yuhui He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-7692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhui He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077533270","display_name":"Hui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2970-3984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology  Changsha China","College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology  Changsha China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100607861","display_name":"Xiangshui Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-5495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangshui Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics & School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100421744","https://openalex.org/A5102990218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":0.9636,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72791196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6385562419891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4992213249206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48033109307289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47466281056404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.4693875014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.46846482157707214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.43365681171417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.431113064289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17579564452171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14868596196174622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6385562419891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4992213249206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48033109307289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47466281056404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.4693875014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.46846482157707214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43365681171417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.431113064289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17579564452171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14868596196174622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202100114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202100114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b241c76c298406f8ec126d570d6e327","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b241c76c298406f8ec126d570d6e327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems, Vol 3, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/aisy.202100114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202100114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212817","display_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2640-4567","issn":["2640-4567"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6199362114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92064012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6251133458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51732003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7789480088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61841404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490454746","https://openalex.org/W2018129607","https://openalex.org/W2029727766","https://openalex.org/W2041406732","https://openalex.org/W2049841622","https://openalex.org/W2051381803","https://openalex.org/W2071781501","https://openalex.org/W2078835982","https://openalex.org/W2112235833","https://openalex.org/W2127574124","https://openalex.org/W2142431032","https://openalex.org/W2146952077","https://openalex.org/W2155954834","https://openalex.org/W2162765447","https://openalex.org/W2167967165","https://openalex.org/W2168962942","https://openalex.org/W2272817333","https://openalex.org/W2404581299","https://openalex.org/W2511638354","https://openalex.org/W2549180152","https://openalex.org/W2593095239","https://openalex.org/W2597000936","https://openalex.org/W2617093514","https://openalex.org/W2768015769","https://openalex.org/W2803163155","https://openalex.org/W2805403707","https://openalex.org/W2810068957","https://openalex.org/W2915404303","https://openalex.org/W2923010225","https://openalex.org/W2960052088","https://openalex.org/W2963681970","https://openalex.org/W2964263004","https://openalex.org/W3003821665","https://openalex.org/W3015724253","https://openalex.org/W3021675401","https://openalex.org/W3044192339","https://openalex.org/W3117080414","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4254436426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4304166257","https://openalex.org/W4294635752","https://openalex.org/W4383066092","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4327774331","https://openalex.org/W4390846322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inspired":[0],"by":[1,147,176],"competitive":[2,7,28,127,166],"rules":[3],"of":[4,13,21,26,40,99,165],"the":[5,11,14,18,24,38,87,131,137,148,162],"nature,":[6],"learning":[8,29,167],"contributes":[9],"to":[10,37],"specialization":[12],"human":[15],"brain":[16],"and":[17,46,122,136],"general":[19],"creativity":[20],"mankind.":[22],"However,":[23],"construction":[25],"hardware":[27],"neural":[30],"network":[31],"still":[32],"faces":[33],"great":[34],"challenges":[35],"due":[36],"lack":[39],"an":[41,113],"accurate":[42],"distance":[43,58],"computation":[44],"method":[45,90],"a":[47,54,67,96,109,153],"self\u2010adaptive":[48],"in":[49,66,95,119],"situ":[50,120],"training":[51,121],"scheme.":[52],"Herein,":[53],"fully":[55],"memristive":[56,179],"Euclidean":[57],"(ED)":[59],"engine":[60],"based":[61,129],"on":[62,108,130,169],"analog":[63],"multiply\u2010accumulate":[64],"operation":[65],"32":[68,70],"\u00d7":[69],"TiN/TaO":[71],"x":[72,74],"/HfO":[73],"/TiN":[75],"1T1R":[76],"array":[77],"is":[78,105],"demonstrated.":[79],"The":[80,102],"dual\u2010layer":[81],"devices":[82],"perform":[83],"multilevel":[84],"modulation":[85],"under":[86],"target\u2010aware":[88],"programming":[89],"with":[91,112,144,152],"excellent":[92],"read":[93],"linearity":[94],"dynamic":[97],"range":[98],"10\u2013100":[100],"\u03bcS.":[101],"ED":[103,132,170],"calculation":[104],"verified":[106],"experimentally":[107],"test":[110],"board":[111],"O":[114],"(1)":[115],"temporal":[116],"complexity.":[117],"Furthermore,":[118],"offline":[123],"inference":[124],"schemes":[125],"for":[126],"learning,":[128],"engine,":[133],"are":[134],"developed":[135],"simulated":[138],"results":[139],"show":[140],"comparable":[141],"success":[142],"rates":[143],"those":[145],"obtained":[146],"CPU\u2010based":[149],"software.":[150],"Compared":[151],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[154],"RTX6000":[155],"GPU":[156],"(0.5":[157],"TOPS":[158],"W":[159],"\u22121":[160],"),":[161],"energy":[163],"efficiency":[164],"models":[168],"engines":[171],"can":[172],"yield":[173],"100\u00d7":[174],"improvements":[175],"utilizing":[177],"optimized":[178],"devices.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}