{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1552190396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse667","title":"Document Image Analysis and Recognition","display_name":"Document Image Analysis and Recognition","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1552190396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse667","mag":"1552190396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470050118.ecse667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306534807","display_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","raw_type":"other"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055459215","display_name":"R. Manmatha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-8583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Manmatha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055459215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1022","last_page":"1031"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.8356688022613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7936902046203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.627662181854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6167345643043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5946949124336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5564294457435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-processing","display_name":"Document processing","score":0.5343272686004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5094807744026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.5061981081962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5028709769248962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.48313090205192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.46063458919525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4529822766780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4359463155269623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4166072607040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.21859866380691528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.18970352411270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17016619443893433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.8356688022613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7936902046203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.627662181854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6167345643043518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5946949124336243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5564294457435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67905146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5287646","display_name":"Document processing","level":2,"score":0.5343272686004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5094807744026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.5061981081962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5028709769248962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.48313090205192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46063458919525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4529822766780853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4359463155269623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4166072607040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.21859866380691528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.18970352411270142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17016619443893433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470050118.ecse667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306534807","display_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501437810","https://openalex.org/W1972822297","https://openalex.org/W1993636010","https://openalex.org/W2009570821","https://openalex.org/W2015432638","https://openalex.org/W2022742307","https://openalex.org/W2055408294","https://openalex.org/W2067389767","https://openalex.org/W2092858021","https://openalex.org/W2096832794","https://openalex.org/W2099256741","https://openalex.org/W2100607392","https://openalex.org/W2121839820","https://openalex.org/W2121979056","https://openalex.org/W2126727781","https://openalex.org/W2128060444","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2134097102","https://openalex.org/W2135085165","https://openalex.org/W2135164809","https://openalex.org/W2141102983","https://openalex.org/W2141756865","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2149551320","https://openalex.org/W2155793192","https://openalex.org/W2162395775","https://openalex.org/W2167929403","https://openalex.org/W2168868236","https://openalex.org/W2171295337","https://openalex.org/W4234985076","https://openalex.org/W4250519784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W4309724674","https://openalex.org/W183832189","https://openalex.org/W2891374022","https://openalex.org/W2406729210","https://openalex.org/W2682989974","https://openalex.org/W2527961165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Paper":[1],"archives":[2],"need":[3],"to":[4,7,10,24,44],"be":[5,105],"converted":[6],"electronic":[8],"form":[9],"enable":[11],"the":[12,25,29,37,41,84],"search":[13],"and":[14,28,48,52,63,93,95],"organization":[15],"of":[16,56,75,86],"documents.":[17],"This":[18],"article":[19],"provides":[20],"a":[21,72],"brief":[22,73],"introduction":[23],"basic":[26],"ideas":[27],"remaining":[30],"challenges.":[31,122],"Essentially,":[32],"this":[33],"involves":[34],"first":[35],"scanning":[36],"image,":[38],"then":[39],"discovering":[40],"page":[42,61],"layout":[43],"separate":[45],"text":[46,87],"segments":[47],"finally":[49],"recognizing":[50],"characters":[51],"words.":[53],"The":[54],"basics":[55],"scanning,":[57],"image":[58,89],"preprocessing":[59],"steps,":[60],"segmentation":[62],"recognition":[64,112,117],"are":[65],"described":[66],"for":[67],"printed":[68,102],"documents":[69,100],"followed":[70],"by":[71],"discussion":[74],"large":[76],"vocabulary":[77],"handwriting":[78,116],"recognition.":[79],"Other":[80],"issues":[81],"discussed":[82],"include":[83],"detection":[85],"against":[88],"backgrounds,":[90],"language":[91],"identification":[92],"datasets":[94],"evaluation.":[96],"Modern":[97],"good":[98],"quality":[99,110],"with":[101],"fonts":[103],"can":[104],"well":[106,114],"recognized":[107],"but":[108],"poorer":[109],"print":[111],"as":[113,115],"still":[118],"remain":[119],"major":[120],"research":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
