{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4248422738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse439","title":"Transport Layer","display_name":"Transport Layer","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4248422738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470050118.ecse439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306534807","display_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","raw_type":"other"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103277656","display_name":"Ao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-644X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, New York"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011921013","display_name":"Lachlan L. H. Andrew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0267-1062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lachlan L. H. Andrew","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110782105","display_name":"Mung Chiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-651X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mung Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069455858","display_name":"Steven H. Low","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6476-3048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven H. Low","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103277656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2930","last_page":"2938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-layer","display_name":"Transport layer","score":0.7687591314315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7499022483825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.6310462355613708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6012181639671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.5865473747253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5772801041603088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.573660671710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5126544833183289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-layer","display_name":"Network layer","score":0.48323020339012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emphasis","display_name":"Emphasis (telecommunications)","score":0.48107051849365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer","display_name":"Application layer","score":0.4520915448665619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2488468885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15487775206565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.0819094181060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.07770541310310364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7345512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209372","display_name":"Transport layer","level":3,"score":0.7687591314315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7499022483825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.6310462355613708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6012181639671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.5865473747253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5772801041603088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.573660671710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5126544833183289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117468950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208074","display_name":"Network layer","level":3,"score":0.48323020339012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177454536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578290","display_name":"Emphasis (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.48107051849365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.4520915448665619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2488468885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15487775206565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0819094181060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.07770541310310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470050118.ecse439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306534807","display_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","raw_type":"other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchbank.swinburne.edu.au:ba919b6c-8f00-4697-aa2a-8f7ee18aeee2/1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/44357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401157","display_name":"Swinburne Research Bank (Swinburne University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","host_organization_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wiley encyclopedia of computer science and engineering / Benjamin W. Wah (ed.)","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528455493","https://openalex.org/W1990920914","https://openalex.org/W2037710455","https://openalex.org/W2085761737","https://openalex.org/W2101182788","https://openalex.org/W2108801339","https://openalex.org/W2117264435","https://openalex.org/W2126956578","https://openalex.org/W2147524058","https://openalex.org/W2158700277","https://openalex.org/W2158893758","https://openalex.org/W2159715570","https://openalex.org/W2174430759","https://openalex.org/W3001942212","https://openalex.org/W4296180618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2497803134","https://openalex.org/W1989384557","https://openalex.org/W2141043180","https://openalex.org/W3021937834","https://openalex.org/W2496291889","https://openalex.org/W1988109650","https://openalex.org/W4240293349","https://openalex.org/W2187599671","https://openalex.org/W2559964595","https://openalex.org/W1133962560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"transport":[2,115],"layer":[3,116],"manages":[4],"the":[5,30,43,98,110,114,123],"end\u2010to\u2010end":[6],"transportation":[7],"of":[8,54,68,113],"packets":[9],"across":[10],"a":[11,37,82],"network.":[12],"Its":[13],"role":[14],"is":[15],"to":[16,85],"connect":[17],"application":[18],"processes":[19],"running":[20],"on":[21,97],"end":[22,32],"hosts":[23],"as":[24,26,28],"seamlessly":[25],"possible,":[27],"if":[29],"two":[31],"applications":[33],"were":[34],"connected":[35],"by":[36,73,122],"reliable":[38],"dedicated":[39],"link,":[40],"thus":[41],"making":[42],"network":[44],"\u201cinvisible.\u201d":[45],"To":[46],"do":[47],"this,":[48],"it":[49],"must":[50],"manage":[51],"several":[52],"nonidealities":[53],"real":[55],"networks:":[56],"shared":[57],"links,":[58],"data":[59],"loss":[60],"and":[61,66,92,101,117],"duplication,":[62],"contention":[63],"for":[64,109],"resources,":[65],"variability":[67],"delay.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71,86],"article,":[72],"examining":[74],"these":[75],"functionalities":[76],"in":[77],"turn,":[78],"we":[79],"will":[80,104],"provide":[81],"brief":[83],"introduction":[84],"important":[87],"layer,":[88],"including":[89],"its":[90],"functions":[91],"implementation,":[93],"with":[94],"an":[95],"emphasis":[96],"underlying":[99],"ideas":[100],"fundamentals.":[102],"We":[103],"also":[105],"discuss":[106],"possible":[107],"directions":[108],"future":[111],"evolution":[112],"suggest":[118],"some":[119],"further":[120],"reading":[121],"end.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}