{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1932982828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse171","title":"Graphical User Interfaces","display_name":"Graphical User Interfaces","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1932982828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse171","mag":"1932982828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470050118.ecse171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306534807","display_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","raw_type":"other"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073409613","display_name":"Alexandra Stadler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Stadler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universita\u0308t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universita\u0308t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001646850","display_name":"Haik Lorenz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176453806","display_name":"University of Potsdam","ror":"https://ror.org/03bnmw459","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haik Lorenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany","Univ of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176453806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073409613"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1464","last_page":"1476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9417999982833862,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-wimp","display_name":"Post-WIMP","score":0.7965421676635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7543939352035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.7392075061798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.7065263390541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6937856674194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface-testing","display_name":"Graphical user interface testing","score":0.6475492715835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.6028329133987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4077736735343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3818771243095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3692282438278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface-design","display_name":"User interface design","score":0.343254029750824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-experience-design","display_name":"User experience design","score":0.3425339460372925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163847158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233492","display_name":"Post-WIMP","level":5,"score":0.7965421676635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7543939352035522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.7392075061798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.7065263390541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6937856674194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66153210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597182","display_name":"Graphical user interface testing","level":4,"score":0.6475492715835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.6028329133987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4077736735343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3818771243095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3692282438278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149229913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135707","display_name":"User interface design","level":3,"score":0.343254029750824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.3425339460372925}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9780470050118.ecse171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306534807","display_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124172544","https://openalex.org/W180202758","https://openalex.org/W1500388874","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W2012354198","https://openalex.org/W2045625826","https://openalex.org/W2094127255","https://openalex.org/W2152004045","https://openalex.org/W2154352757","https://openalex.org/W2158685692","https://openalex.org/W2162456078","https://openalex.org/W2329339710","https://openalex.org/W2490972277","https://openalex.org/W2751690145","https://openalex.org/W4236283062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539807119","https://openalex.org/W345736368","https://openalex.org/W963721989","https://openalex.org/W2014441485","https://openalex.org/W2982394863","https://openalex.org/W2382152882","https://openalex.org/W2183494409","https://openalex.org/W2505786821","https://openalex.org/W1603220205","https://openalex.org/W2294261555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"graphical":[2,88],"user":[3,22],"interface":[4],"(GUI)":[5],"is":[6,25,148,165],"the":[7,28,56,59,70,100],"visible":[8],"part":[9,164,174],"of":[10,95,154],"a":[11,151],"system":[12,24],"that":[13],"you":[14],"see,":[15],"hear,":[16],"and":[17,23,34,87,124,139,144,160,182,201],"feel.":[18],"All":[19],"interaction":[20,122],"between":[21],"based":[26],"on":[27,85],"GUI,":[29],"which":[30,90,117],"hides":[31],"other":[32],"parts":[33],"their":[35,53],"functions.":[36],"Interaction":[37],"takes":[38],"place":[39],"in":[40,55,104,135],"different":[41],"forms,":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44,131],"menu":[45],"selection,":[46],"form":[47],"fill\u2010ins,":[48],"or":[49,73],"direct":[50],"manipulation.":[51],"From":[52],"beginning":[54],"early":[57],"1960s,":[58],"ideas":[60],"behind":[61,115],"GUIs":[62,130,181],"have":[63],"not":[64],"changed":[65],"significantly.":[66],"Still,":[67],"we":[68],"use":[69],"desktop":[71],"metaphor":[72],"WIMP":[74],"approach":[75],"developed":[76],"around":[77],"1970":[78],"for":[79,180,186,198],"standard":[80],"workstations.":[81],"Progress":[82],"mainly":[83],"focuses":[84],"technology":[86],"representations,":[89],"translates":[91],"to":[92,112,169],"improved":[93],"efficiency":[94],"GUIs.":[96],"After":[97],"briefly":[98,175],"listing":[99],"most":[101],"important":[102],"events":[103],"GUI":[105,187,196],"history,":[106],"this":[107],"article":[108,190],"gives":[109],"an":[110],"introduction":[111],"basic":[113],"concepts":[114],"GUIs,":[116],"include":[118],"metaphors,":[119],"conceptual":[120],"models,":[121],"styles,":[123],"main":[125],"elements.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"it":[128,140],"describes":[129],"they":[132],"are":[133],"used":[134],"current":[136],"computer":[137],"systems,":[138],"covers":[141],"design":[142],"issues":[143],"implementation":[145,173],"aspects.":[146],"Design":[147],"discussed":[149],"from":[150],"usability":[152,170],"point":[153],"view":[155],"including":[156],"rules,":[157],"style":[158],"guides,":[159],"international":[161],"norms.":[162],"This":[163],"completed":[166],"by":[167],"approaches":[168,197],"testing.":[171],"The":[172,189],"outlines":[176],"common":[177],"programming":[178],"practices":[179],"lists":[183],"ready\u2010to\u2010use":[184],"frameworks":[185],"implementation.":[188],"closes":[191],"with":[192],"highlighting":[193],"some":[194],"advanced":[195],"nonstandard":[199],"tasks":[200],"environments.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}