{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025388781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0526(200007/08)5:6<26::aid-cplx6>3.0.co;2-g","title":"Can agent-based models assist decisions on large-scale practical problems? A philosophical analysis","display_name":"Can agent-based models assist decisions on large-scale practical problems? A philosophical analysis","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025388781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0526(200007/08)5:6<26::aid-cplx6>3.0.co;2-g","mag":"2025388781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/1099-0526(200007/08)5:6<26::aid-cplx6>3.0.co;2-g","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0526(200007/08)5:6<26::aid-cplx6>3.0.co;2-g","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/1099-0526%28200007/08%295%3A6%3C26%3A%3AAID-CPLX6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/1099-0526%28200007/08%295%3A6%3C26%3A%3AAID-CPLX6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103486033","display_name":"Dominique Gro\u00df","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dominique Gross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Norway","Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen (Norway)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen (Norway)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014766313","display_name":"Roger Strand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6159-1586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger Strand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Norway","Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen (Norway)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen (Norway)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014766313","https://openalex.org/A5103486033"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0177,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94958346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"6","first_page":"26","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.6093359589576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.42049503326416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.4011085331439972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanities","display_name":"Humanities","score":0.3737977147102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3040239214897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.26306307315826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.15136143565177917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0800146758556366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6093359589576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42049503326416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.4011085331439972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.3737977147102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3040239214897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.26306307315826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.15136143565177917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0800146758556366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/1099-0526(200007/08)5:6<26::aid-cplx6>3.0.co;2-g","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0526(200007/08)5:6<26::aid-cplx6>3.0.co;2-g","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/1099-0526%28200007/08%295%3A6%3C26%3A%3AAID-CPLX6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:22067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0526%28200007%2F08%295%3A6%3C26%3A%3AAID-CPLX6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G>)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/1099-0526(200007/08)5:6<26::aid-cplx6>3.0.co;2-g","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0526(200007/08)5:6<26::aid-cplx6>3.0.co;2-g","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/1099-0526%28200007/08%295%3A6%3C26%3A%3AAID-CPLX6%3E3.0.CO%3B2-G","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2025388781.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2025388781.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W173698722","https://openalex.org/W642097335","https://openalex.org/W1526145079","https://openalex.org/W1533967694","https://openalex.org/W1562543616","https://openalex.org/W1562680794","https://openalex.org/W1565693361","https://openalex.org/W1759514309","https://openalex.org/W1966151890","https://openalex.org/W1974564128","https://openalex.org/W1988618045","https://openalex.org/W1996445562","https://openalex.org/W2000690667","https://openalex.org/W2008879046","https://openalex.org/W2024189170","https://openalex.org/W2030582987","https://openalex.org/W2033186995","https://openalex.org/W2058921796","https://openalex.org/W2075514521","https://openalex.org/W2114499604","https://openalex.org/W2124167315","https://openalex.org/W2155232809","https://openalex.org/W2184117918","https://openalex.org/W2315803208","https://openalex.org/W2326471238","https://openalex.org/W2326995580","https://openalex.org/W2478227765","https://openalex.org/W2751624169","https://openalex.org/W2753533763","https://openalex.org/W3004326177","https://openalex.org/W3133768423","https://openalex.org/W3146355329","https://openalex.org/W3198289744","https://openalex.org/W4211255591","https://openalex.org/W4237688284","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6631507073","https://openalex.org/W6633867314","https://openalex.org/W6633891752","https://openalex.org/W6647334727","https://openalex.org/W6653967188","https://openalex.org/W6721614866","https://openalex.org/W6773284944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W93312527","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1,28],"of":[2,23,95],"predictive":[3,62],"agent-based":[4],"models":[5,63,81],"as":[6,68],"decision":[7],"assisting":[8],"tools":[9],"in":[10],"practical":[11],"problems":[12],"has":[13,31],"been":[14,32],"proposed.":[15],"This":[16],"article":[17],"aims":[18],"at":[19],"a":[20],"theoretical":[21],"clarification":[22],"the":[24],"conditions":[25],"for":[26],"such":[27],"under":[29,58],"what":[30],"called":[33],"post-normal":[34,59],"problems,":[35],"characterized":[36],"by":[37,93],"high":[38,40,46],"stakes,":[39],"and":[41,45],"possibly":[42],"irreducible":[43],"uncertainties,":[44],"systemic":[47],"complexity.":[48],"Our":[49],"argument":[50],"suggests":[51],"that":[52],"model":[53],"validation":[54],"is":[55,91],"often":[56],"impossible":[57],"conditions;":[60],"however,":[61],"can":[64],"still":[65],"be":[66,84],"useful":[67],"learning":[69],"devices":[70],"(heristic":[71],"purposes,":[72],"formal":[73],"Gedanken":[74],"experiments).":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77,90],"case,":[78],"micro-structurally":[79,87],"complex":[80],"are":[82],"to":[83,86],"preferred":[85],"simple":[88],"ones;":[89],"illustrated":[92],"means":[94],"two":[96],"examples.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}