{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2008015263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-024x(200101)31:1<67::aid-spe357>3.0.co;2-a","title":"alto: a link\u2010time optimizer for the Compaq Alpha","display_name":"alto: a link\u2010time optimizer for the Compaq Alpha","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2008015263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-024x(200101)31:1<67::aid-spe357>3.0.co;2-a","mag":"2008015263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/1097-024x(200101)31:1<67::aid-spe357>3.0.co;2-a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-024x(200101)31:1<67::aid-spe357>3.0.co;2-a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019781598","display_name":"Robert Muth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7954-2157"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Muth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Compaq Computer Corporation, Shrewsbury, MA 01749, U.S.A","Compaq Computer Corp., Shrewbury, MA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Compaq Computer Corporation, Shrewsbury, MA 01749, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Compaq Computer Corp., Shrewbury, MA#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108542327","display_name":"Saumya Debray","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saumya K. Debray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A","Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021489144","display_name":"Scott A. Watterson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Watterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A","Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080181390","display_name":"Koen De Bosschere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-4297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koen De Bosschere","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium","\u2002University of Gent, Gent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2002University of Gent, Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108542327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"apc_list":{"value":4220,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4220},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98635347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"67","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8095881342887878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.7991350889205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-optimization","display_name":"Program optimization","score":0.5973420739173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","score":0.5947592854499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.5877947807312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5608030557632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link","display_name":"Link (geometry)","score":0.4823724329471588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4678889811038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimizing-compiler","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","score":0.46483680605888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4642530083656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carry","display_name":"Carry (investment)","score":0.4507744312286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compile-time","display_name":"Compile time","score":0.4242032766342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3547305464744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08421114087104797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08323314785957336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8095881342887878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.7991350889205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139571649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156793","display_name":"Program optimization","level":3,"score":0.5973420739173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64943373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651003","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","level":4,"score":0.5947592854499817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5877947807312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5608030557632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4823724329471588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4678889811038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190902152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325106","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","level":3,"score":0.46483680605888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4642530083656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776299755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432449","display_name":"Carry (investment)","level":2,"score":0.4507744312286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200833197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333707","display_name":"Compile time","level":3,"score":0.4242032766342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3547305464744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08421114087104797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08323314785957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/1097-024x(200101)31:1<67::aid-spe357>3.0.co;2-a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-024x(200101)31:1<67::aid-spe357>3.0.co;2-a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122199241","display_name":"Software Practice and Experience","issn_l":"0038-0644","issn":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software: Practice and Experience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.33.4933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.33.4933","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.arizona.edu/people/saw/papers/alto.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1627759","https://openalex.org/W56691616","https://openalex.org/W96156603","https://openalex.org/W1491178396","https://openalex.org/W1524758670","https://openalex.org/W1566005068","https://openalex.org/W1975914482","https://openalex.org/W1980468060","https://openalex.org/W1991751536","https://openalex.org/W2003011196","https://openalex.org/W2007146206","https://openalex.org/W2019396238","https://openalex.org/W2019584651","https://openalex.org/W2021085621","https://openalex.org/W2021951417","https://openalex.org/W2033721332","https://openalex.org/W2042708654","https://openalex.org/W2058614217","https://openalex.org/W2060481237","https://openalex.org/W2087612811","https://openalex.org/W2094631165","https://openalex.org/W2096733429","https://openalex.org/W2100045639","https://openalex.org/W2102440514","https://openalex.org/W2103864764","https://openalex.org/W2115460680","https://openalex.org/W2116672403","https://openalex.org/W2129962996","https://openalex.org/W2151360539","https://openalex.org/W2159389028","https://openalex.org/W2160313335","https://openalex.org/W2160620982","https://openalex.org/W2162612712","https://openalex.org/W2295303622","https://openalex.org/W3130284250","https://openalex.org/W6600580151","https://openalex.org/W6603918439","https://openalex.org/W6645204616","https://openalex.org/W6648293984","https://openalex.org/W6651282794","https://openalex.org/W6654953283","https://openalex.org/W6655321854","https://openalex.org/W6660913487","https://openalex.org/W6665180331","https://openalex.org/W6665675961","https://openalex.org/W6672464593","https://openalex.org/W6673818964","https://openalex.org/W6674628315","https://openalex.org/W6674645027","https://openalex.org/W6675219778","https://openalex.org/W6677534644","https://openalex.org/W6683469206","https://openalex.org/W6684309133","https://openalex.org/W6697046872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1853049011","https://openalex.org/W2479014312","https://openalex.org/W1583465708","https://openalex.org/W1606851719","https://openalex.org/W1601646354","https://openalex.org/W1497385637","https://openalex.org/W2767298477","https://openalex.org/W2374073571","https://openalex.org/W2078700326","https://openalex.org/W2030744093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"optimizing":[1,111],"compilers":[2],"are":[3,64,69],"limited":[4],"in":[5,139],"the":[6,12,60,92,129,135],"scope":[7],"of":[8,57,117],"their":[9],"optimizations":[10],"by":[11],"fact":[13],"that":[14,34,126],"only":[15],"a":[16,21,88,109,114],"single":[17,22],"function,":[18],"or":[19],"possibly":[20],"module,":[23],"is":[24,75,97,122,137],"available":[25,50],"for":[26,91,105],"analysis":[27],"and":[28,59,143],"optimization.":[29,118],"In":[30],"particular,":[31],"this":[32],"means":[33],"library":[35],"routines":[36],"cannot":[37],"be":[38],"optimized":[39],"to":[40,76,99],"specific":[41],"calling":[42],"contexts.":[43],"Other":[44],"optimization":[45,80],"opportunities,":[46],"exploiting":[47],"information":[48],"not":[49],"before":[51],"link":[52,82],"time,":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55],"addresses":[56],"variables":[58],"final":[61],"code":[62,121],"layout,":[63],"often":[65],"ignored":[66],"because":[67],"linkers":[68],"traditionally":[70],"unsophisticated.":[71],"A":[72],"possible":[73],"solution":[74],"carry":[77],"out":[78],"whole-program":[79],"at":[81],"time.":[83],"This":[84],"paper":[85],"describes":[86],"alto,":[87],"link-time":[89,131],"optimizer":[90],"Compaq":[93],"Alpha":[94],"architecture.":[95],"It":[96],"able":[98],"realize":[100],"significant":[101],"performance":[102],"improvements":[103],"even":[104,133],"programs":[106],"compiled":[107],"with":[108,113,141],"good":[110],"compiler":[112],"high":[115],"level":[116],"The":[119],"resulting":[120],"considerably":[123],"faster":[124],"than":[125],"obtained":[127],"using":[128],"OM":[130],"optimizer,":[132],"when":[134],"latter":[136],"used":[138],"conjunction":[140],"profile-guided":[142],"inter-file":[144],"compile-time":[145],"optimizations.":[146],"Copyright":[147],"\u00a9":[148],"2001":[149],"John":[150],"Wiley":[151],"&":[152],"Sons,":[153],"Ltd.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}