{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093345964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(19991115)30:12<52::aid-scj6>3.0.co;2-x","title":"Association hardware for intelligent electronic systems","display_name":"Association hardware for intelligent electronic systems","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093345964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(19991115)30:12<52::aid-scj6>3.0.co;2-x","mag":"2093345964"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(19991115)30:12<52::aid-scj6>3.0.co;2-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(19991115)30:12<52::aid-scj6>3.0.co;2-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110479973","display_name":"Tadahiro Ohmi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tadahiro Ohmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111565792","display_name":"Tadashi Shibata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14396692","display_name":"Tokyo University of Information Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/044bdx604","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14396692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadashi Shibata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan 113-0033","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan 113\u20100033"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan 113-0033","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14396692","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan 113\u20100033","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101569986","display_name":"Koji Kotani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-9978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koji Kotani","raw_affiliation_strings":["VLSI Design and Education Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 113-0032","VLSI Design and Education Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 113\u20100032"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VLSI Design and Education Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 113-0032","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VLSI Design and Education Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 113\u20100032","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050451351","display_name":"Tsutomu Nakai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsutomu Nakai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111565793","display_name":"Akira Nakada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Nakada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010865972","display_name":"Ning Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6532-3770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Mei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111609222","display_name":"Masahiro Konda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masahiro Konda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110499026","display_name":"Tatsuo Morimoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuo Morimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011720105","display_name":"Yuichiro Yamashita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuichiro Yamashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980-8577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 980\u20108577","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110479973"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15325281,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"12","first_page":"52","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7826056480407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.7065057158470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-image-processing","display_name":"Analog image processing","score":0.6890271902084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.494823157787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4658884108066559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.45985159277915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4568444490432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.42358073592185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.33854252099990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image-processing","display_name":"Digital image processing","score":0.327419638633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27602624893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17235732078552246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7826056480407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.7065057158470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28525508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751054","display_name":"Analog image processing","level":5,"score":0.6890271902084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.494823157787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4658884108066559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.45985159277915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4568444490432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.42358073592185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33854252099990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Digital image processing","level":4,"score":0.327419638633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27602624893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17235732078552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(19991115)30:12<52::aid-scj6>3.0.co;2-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(19991115)30:12<52::aid-scj6>3.0.co;2-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592648754","https://openalex.org/W1944386142","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W1983051814","https://openalex.org/W1990517717","https://openalex.org/W1994530392","https://openalex.org/W2008047718","https://openalex.org/W2096067080","https://openalex.org/W2120481739","https://openalex.org/W2135733258","https://openalex.org/W2136221709","https://openalex.org/W2143625835","https://openalex.org/W2155339236","https://openalex.org/W2158651703","https://openalex.org/W2160142098","https://openalex.org/W2160309764","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W6640505429","https://openalex.org/W6674344237","https://openalex.org/W6675403459","https://openalex.org/W6678018862","https://openalex.org/W6680419907","https://openalex.org/W6683335926","https://openalex.org/W6684102283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2941415828","https://openalex.org/W2386230482","https://openalex.org/W2373039468","https://openalex.org/W4256503780","https://openalex.org/W4234826342","https://openalex.org/W2371310357","https://openalex.org/W2356859146","https://openalex.org/W4210925376","https://openalex.org/W3083959143","https://openalex.org/W1768523515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"at":[1],"real-time":[2,114,169],"event":[3],"recognition,":[4],"basic":[5],"association":[6],"hardware":[7,48],"was":[8,49,65,85,117,160],"developed":[9,50],"using":[10],"neuron":[11],"MOS":[12],"(\u03bdMOS),":[13],"a":[14,22,63,163],"multi-input":[15],"threshold":[16],"processing":[17,88,134,144],"element":[18],"device.":[19],"To":[20],"store":[21],"large":[23],"amount":[24],"of":[25,69,72,80,105,123,130,132,137,142,171],"past":[26],"events":[27,57],"as":[28,75,162],"analog":[29,33,41,133,143,154],"vectors,":[30],"new":[31],"rewritable":[32],"EEPROM":[34],"cells":[35],"were":[36],"first":[37],"designed,":[38],"featuring":[39],"high-accuracy":[40],"voltage":[42],"control":[43],"without":[44],"\u201cread/verify.\u201d":[45],"Besides,":[46,151],"associator":[47],"to":[51,58,168],"detect":[52],"and":[53,83,109,166],"associate":[54],"nearest":[55],"stored":[56],"input":[59],"events.":[60],"In":[61],"addition,":[62],"circuit":[64,112],"designed":[66,161],"for":[67,113],"detection":[68,116],"motion":[70],"vectors":[71],"2D":[73,106],"images":[74],"the":[76,81,127],"most":[77],"simple":[78],"application":[79,104],"associator,":[82],"it":[84],"shown":[86],"that":[87],"only":[89],"takes":[90],"several":[91],"hundred":[92],"nanoseconds,":[93],"while":[94],"even":[95],"dedicated":[96],"DSP":[97],"requires":[98],"about":[99],"10":[100],"ms.":[101],"As":[102],"an":[103],"image":[107],"compression":[108,170],"processing,":[110],"\u03bdMOS":[111,124],"center-of-mass":[115],"also":[118],"developed.":[119],"The":[120],"salient":[121],"feature":[122],"circuits":[125],"is":[126,145],"unique":[128],"combination":[129],"flexibility":[131],"with":[135,153],"accuracy":[136],"digital":[138,149,164],"processing.":[139],"Appropriate":[140],"use":[141],"efficient":[146],"in":[147],"eliminating":[148],"bottleneck.":[150],"along":[152],"circuitry":[155],"development,":[156],"vector":[157],"quantization":[158],"processor":[159],"circuit,":[165],"applied":[167],"moving":[172],"images.":[173],"\u00a9":[174],"1999":[175,183],"Scripta":[176],"Technica,":[177],"Syst":[178],"Comp":[179],"Jpn":[180],"30(12):":[181],"52\u201362,":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
