{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018237845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(199807)29:8<1::aid-scj1>3.0.co;2-i","title":"3-D object recognition and description: A method for the visually impaired using an invisible bar code","display_name":"3-D object recognition and description: A method for the visually impaired using an invisible bar code","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018237845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(199807)29:8<1::aid-scj1>3.0.co;2-i","mag":"2018237845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(199807)29:8<1::aid-scj1>3.0.co;2-i","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(199807)29:8<1::aid-scj1>3.0.co;2-i","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103394174","display_name":"Hideo Makino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hideo Makino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950-21","Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950\u201021"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950-21","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950\u201021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047103733","display_name":"Fumihito Morishita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fumihito Morishita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950-21","Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950\u201021"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950-21","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950\u201021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019805371","display_name":"Yoshio Abe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148977","display_name":"Dainichiseika (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g0ds378","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148977"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshio Abe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dainichi-Seika Color & Chemical Mfg. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 123","Dainichi\u2010Seika Color & Chemical Mfg. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 123"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dainichi-Seika Color & Chemical Mfg. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 123","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148977"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dainichi\u2010Seika Color & Chemical Mfg. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 123","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148977"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089209356","display_name":"Shirou Yamamiya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148977","display_name":"Dainichiseika (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g0ds378","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148977"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirou Yamamiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dainichi-Seika Color & Chemical Mfg. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 123","Dainichi\u2010Seika Color & Chemical Mfg. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 123"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dainichi-Seika Color & Chemical Mfg. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 123","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148977"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dainichi\u2010Seika Color & Chemical Mfg. Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 123","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148977"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108431877","display_name":"Masaru Hasegawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaru Hasegawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sawarabi, Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan 151"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sawarabi, Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan 151","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073929881","display_name":"Ikuo Ishii","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikuo Ishii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950-21"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950-21","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072730094","display_name":"Makoto Nakashizuka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71395657","display_name":"Niigata University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ww21r56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Nakashizuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950-21","Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950\u201021"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950-21","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan 950\u201021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103394174"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71395657"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09101166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"8","first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13270","display_name":"QR Code Applications and Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bar","display_name":"Bar (unit)","score":0.8306339979171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8245371580123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.7409926056861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.7361952066421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-code","display_name":"Object code","score":0.5983995199203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5530359745025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5013885498046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3702329397201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3390558958053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19323599338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.17625483870506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.16251429915428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.08975255489349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06617456674575806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188721877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103510","display_name":"Bar (unit)","level":2,"score":0.8306339979171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8245371580123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.7409926056861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.7361952066421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154526789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157965","display_name":"Object code","level":4,"score":0.5983995199203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5530359745025635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5013885498046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3702329397201538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3390558958053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19323599338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.17625483870506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.16251429915428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.08975255489349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06617456674575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(199807)29:8<1::aid-scj1>3.0.co;2-i","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-684x(199807)29:8<1::aid-scj1>3.0.co;2-i","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58208175","display_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","issn_l":"0882-1666","issn":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systems and Computers in Japan","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107366691","https://openalex.org/W2154217002","https://openalex.org/W2476868371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386746877","https://openalex.org/W2387239184","https://openalex.org/W2392028052","https://openalex.org/W2347390119","https://openalex.org/W1556046755","https://openalex.org/W2379549517","https://openalex.org/W2363610129","https://openalex.org/W2347716802","https://openalex.org/W2370696596","https://openalex.org/W2042804080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"object":[1,27,51],"recognition":[2,52],"and":[3,16,38,53,67],"description":[4,24],"system":[5,19,46],"using":[6],"a":[7,22,31,57,64],"specially":[8],"designed":[9],"invisible":[10],"bar":[11,33,76,112],"code":[12],"has":[13],"been":[14],"developed":[15],"tested.":[17],"The":[18],"can":[20],"produce":[21],"spoken":[23,61],"of":[25,44,50,85,96],"an":[26],"without":[28],"resort":[29],"to":[30,56,87,102,108],"visible":[32,111],"code,":[34,77,113],"thereby":[35],"providing":[36],"privacy":[37],"security":[39],"when":[40],"required.":[41],"Other":[42],"advantages":[43],"the":[45,48,75,104,109,116],"include":[47],"speed":[49],"fast":[54],"input":[55],"speech":[58,78,83],"synthesizer":[59],"for":[60],"description.":[62],"Although":[63],"TV":[65],"camera":[66],"image":[68],"processing":[69],"unit":[70],"are":[71],"required,":[72],"by":[73],"attaching":[74],"guidance":[79],"regarding":[80],"objects":[81],"or":[82],"explanation":[84],"how":[86],"use":[88],"electrical":[89],"instruments":[90],"becomes":[91],"possible":[92,101],"with":[93],"higher":[94],"capability":[95],"information.":[97],"Also":[98],"it":[99],"is":[100],"extend":[103],"attachment":[105],"space":[106],"compared":[107],"ordinary":[110],"which":[114],"affects":[115],"original":[117],"surface":[118],"design.":[119],"\u00a9":[120],"1998":[121,129],"Scripta":[122],"Technica,":[123],"Syst":[124],"Comp":[125],"Jpn,":[126],"29(8):":[127],"1\u20138,":[128]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}