{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063173511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1778(199901/03)10:1<39::aid-vis195>3.0.co;2-2","title":"Computer animation of human walking: a survey","display_name":"Computer animation of human walking: a survey","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063173511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1778(199901/03)10:1<39::aid-vis195>3.0.co;2-2","mag":"2063173511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1778(199901/03)10:1<39::aid-vis195>3.0.co;2-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1778(199901/03)10:1<39::aid-vis195>3.0.co;2-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81770601","display_name":"The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation","issn_l":"1049-8907","issn":["1049-8907","1099-1778"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/inria-00073249","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080141350","display_name":"Franck Multon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2690-0077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franck Multon","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRISA, Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRISA, Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042191415","display_name":"Laure France","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101348","display_name":"Centre Inria de l'Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8d6z93","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210101348"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laure France","raw_affiliation_strings":["BIP/INRIA, ZIRST, 655 Avenue de l'Europe, F-38330 Montbonnot Saint-Martin, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BIP/INRIA, ZIRST, 655 Avenue de l'Europe, F-38330 Montbonnot Saint-Martin, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210101348"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061392737","display_name":"Marie-Paule Cani-Gascuel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136308","display_name":"Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity","ror":"https://ror.org/03985kf35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210104684","https://openalex.org/I4210136308","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie-Paule Cani-Gascuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["iMAGIS-GRAVIR/IMAG, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"iMAGIS-GRAVIR/IMAG, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052891972","display_name":"Giles Debunne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136308","display_name":"Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity","ror":"https://ror.org/03985kf35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210104684","https://openalex.org/I4210136308","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giles Debunne","raw_affiliation_strings":["iMAGIS-GRAVIR/IMAG, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"iMAGIS-GRAVIR/IMAG, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 09, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080141350"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6124,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":148,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98841168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"39","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8715548515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.7585504055023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-animation","display_name":"Computer animation","score":0.6711218953132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.6567636132240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-capture","display_name":"Motion capture","score":0.6492959260940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6472590565681458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.631615161895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-animation","display_name":"Character animation","score":0.569174587726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5633620023727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-facial-animation","display_name":"Computer facial animation","score":0.5427678823471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5389069318771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5069225430488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4770340621471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-motion","display_name":"Human motion","score":0.4310623109340668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3789781332015991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8715548515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.7585504055023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.6711218953132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.6567636132240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.6492959260940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6472590565681458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.631615161895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90697248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062896","display_name":"Character animation","level":4,"score":0.569174587726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5633620023727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138591656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157538","display_name":"Computer facial animation","level":4,"score":0.5427678823471069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5389069318771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5069225430488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4770340621471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986578859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657632","display_name":"Human motion","level":3,"score":0.4310623109340668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3789781332015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1778(199901/03)10:1<39::aid-vis195>3.0.co;2-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1778(199901/03)10:1<39::aid-vis195>3.0.co;2-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81770601","display_name":"The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation","issn_l":"1049-8907","issn":["1049-8907","1099-1778"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/40054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/40054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"R - Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.19.6281","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.6281","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-imagis.imag.fr/Publications/1999/MFCD99/survey.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.44.9278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.44.9278","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.inrialpes.fr/bip/people/france/stuff/survey.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.99.7527","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.99.7527","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www-evasion.imag.fr/Publications/1999/MFCD99/survey.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:inria-00073249v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/inria-00073249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"[Research Report] RR-3441, INRIA. 1998","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:inria-00527534v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/inria-00527534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 1999, 10, pp.39--54","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:inria-00073249v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/inria-00073249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"[Research Report] RR-3441, INRIA. 1998","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204968129","https://openalex.org/W1504866903","https://openalex.org/W1509851262","https://openalex.org/W1534150290","https://openalex.org/W1540639189","https://openalex.org/W1589991701","https://openalex.org/W1600187668","https://openalex.org/W1608060816","https://openalex.org/W1791496806","https://openalex.org/W1832246289","https://openalex.org/W1955518172","https://openalex.org/W1967934102","https://openalex.org/W1970552420","https://openalex.org/W1976230995","https://openalex.org/W1979226654","https://openalex.org/W1987574258","https://openalex.org/W1987706689","https://openalex.org/W1989293833","https://openalex.org/W1993716074","https://openalex.org/W2003346496","https://openalex.org/W2005883230","https://openalex.org/W2007272966","https://openalex.org/W2015216528","https://openalex.org/W2032548678","https://openalex.org/W2039630509","https://openalex.org/W2043878167","https://openalex.org/W2071214501","https://openalex.org/W2075347672","https://openalex.org/W2078397531","https://openalex.org/W2080689717","https://openalex.org/W2083382040","https://openalex.org/W2086637623","https://openalex.org/W2100532789","https://openalex.org/W2102116977","https://openalex.org/W2113574056","https://openalex.org/W2116619049","https://openalex.org/W2117085697","https://openalex.org/W2120894402","https://openalex.org/W2125057759","https://openalex.org/W2135794549","https://openalex.org/W2137044027","https://openalex.org/W2137267908","https://openalex.org/W2138941277","https://openalex.org/W2139038136","https://openalex.org/W2148941619","https://openalex.org/W2149670154","https://openalex.org/W2167622026","https://openalex.org/W2168933799","https://openalex.org/W2293431122","https://openalex.org/W2293545866","https://openalex.org/W4233932816","https://openalex.org/W4238497955","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301293042","https://openalex.org/W6630232600","https://openalex.org/W6630514031","https://openalex.org/W6632245706","https://openalex.org/W6633327343","https://openalex.org/W6635209743","https://openalex.org/W6635674635","https://openalex.org/W6636221802","https://openalex.org/W6637976935","https://openalex.org/W6638834912","https://openalex.org/W6641149257","https://openalex.org/W6642929662","https://openalex.org/W6647229484","https://openalex.org/W6654153672","https://openalex.org/W6661396007","https://openalex.org/W6670470085","https://openalex.org/W6671442340","https://openalex.org/W6672029781","https://openalex.org/W6675340644","https://openalex.org/W6677581630","https://openalex.org/W6677873322","https://openalex.org/W6678959335","https://openalex.org/W6679840791","https://openalex.org/W6680406916","https://openalex.org/W6684550319","https://openalex.org/W6696702038","https://openalex.org/W6696863367","https://openalex.org/W6926384085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251524041","https://openalex.org/W4210514273","https://openalex.org/W3088156289","https://openalex.org/W3169129874","https://openalex.org/W3094080214","https://openalex.org/W2060095971","https://openalex.org/W2097922480","https://openalex.org/W1521793179","https://openalex.org/W3040900128","https://openalex.org/W1981039625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"surveys":[2],"the":[3,19,42,50],"set":[4],"of":[5,52],"techniques":[6],"developed":[7],"in":[8,45],"computer":[9],"graphics":[10],"for":[11],"animating":[12],"human":[13],"walking.":[14],"First":[15],"we":[16,40],"focus":[17],"on":[18],"evolution":[20],"from":[21],"purely":[22],"kinematic":[23],"\u2018knowledge-based\u2019":[24],"methods":[25],"to":[26,36],"approaches":[27],"that":[28,48],"incorporate":[29],"dynamic":[30,34],"constraints":[31],"or":[32,61],"use":[33],"simulations":[35],"generate":[37],"motion.":[38],"Then":[39],"review":[41],"recent":[43],"advances":[44],"motion":[46],"editing":[47],"enable":[49],"control":[51],"complex":[53],"animations":[54],"by":[55],"interactively":[56],"blending":[57],"and":[58],"tuning":[59],"synthetic":[60],"captured":[62],"motions.":[63],"Copyright":[64],"\u00a9":[65],"1999":[66],"John":[67],"Wiley":[68],"&":[69],"Sons,":[70],"Ltd.":[71]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
