{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1995697797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1689(199903)9:1<3::aid-stvr169>3.0.co;2-z","title":"Boundary values and automated component testing","display_name":"Boundary values and automated component testing","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1995697797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1689(199903)9:1<3::aid-stvr169>3.0.co;2-z","mag":"1995697797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1689(199903)9:1<3::aid-stvr169>3.0.co;2-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1689(199903)9:1<3::aid-stvr169>3.0.co;2-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83624231","display_name":"Software Testing Verification and Reliability","issn_l":"0960-0833","issn":["0960-0833","1099-1689"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software Testing, Verification and Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113442174","display_name":"Daniel Hoffman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, B.C., V8W 3P6 Canada","Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, B.C. V8W 3P6, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, B.C., V8W 3P6 Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, B.C. V8W 3P6, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076924318","display_name":"Paul Strooper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-2897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Strooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Australia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026288605","display_name":"Lee White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-5981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Science, Case Western Reserve University, Olin Building, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106\u20137071, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Science, Case Western Reserve University, Olin Building, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106\u20137071, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113442174"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":{"value":3760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95203198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-coverage","display_name":"Code coverage","score":0.7372244596481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6850278973579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6829591989517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6572175025939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statement","display_name":"Statement (logic)","score":0.5357901453971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5243192911148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.4919385612010956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4874594211578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4811228811740875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","score":0.42123839259147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.41288381814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4057462513446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.365591824054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.32509565353393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16970199346542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13535749912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09940686821937561}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53942775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1211721","display_name":"Code coverage","level":3,"score":0.7372244596481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6850278973579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6829591989517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6572175025939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5357901453971863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5243192911148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4919385612010956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4874594211578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4811228811740875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.42123839259147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41288381814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4057462513446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.365591824054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.32509565353393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16970199346542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13535749912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09940686821937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1689(199903)9:1<3::aid-stvr169>3.0.co;2-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1689(199903)9:1<3::aid-stvr169>3.0.co;2-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83624231","display_name":"Software Testing Verification and Reliability","issn_l":"0960-0833","issn":["0960-0833","1099-1689"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software Testing, Verification and Reliability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86846735","https://openalex.org/W127224647","https://openalex.org/W1518798864","https://openalex.org/W1579148054","https://openalex.org/W1909445941","https://openalex.org/W1964497219","https://openalex.org/W1985551847","https://openalex.org/W1992639336","https://openalex.org/W2016098537","https://openalex.org/W2023730632","https://openalex.org/W2079036312","https://openalex.org/W2085874370","https://openalex.org/W2095854845","https://openalex.org/W2117176604","https://openalex.org/W2117963349","https://openalex.org/W2124300773","https://openalex.org/W2130274814","https://openalex.org/W2131354319","https://openalex.org/W2133518331","https://openalex.org/W2157755550","https://openalex.org/W2162661340","https://openalex.org/W2170108788","https://openalex.org/W2176959931","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W2752908210","https://openalex.org/W2911812449","https://openalex.org/W3010856131","https://openalex.org/W4233158539","https://openalex.org/W4300764800","https://openalex.org/W6603495111","https://openalex.org/W6639972137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W4252555497","https://openalex.org/W3096456556","https://openalex.org/W4240253816","https://openalex.org/W3121175838","https://openalex.org/W3016293053","https://openalex.org/W1690653314","https://openalex.org/W2967341500","https://openalex.org/W2795180899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Structural":[0],"coverage":[1,34,58,93,121,157],"approaches":[2],"to":[3,37,46,71,89,127,154],"software":[4],"testing":[5],"are":[6,41,55,64,69,125,150],"mature,":[7],"having":[8],"been":[9],"thoroughly":[10],"studied":[11],"for":[12,22,83,138],"decades.":[13],"Significant":[14],"tool":[15],"support,":[16],"in":[17,29,100],"the":[18,47,50,108,141,147],"form":[19],"of":[20,49,86,111,160],"instrumentation":[21],"statement":[23],"or":[24],"branch":[25],"coverage,":[26,63,113],"is":[27,35,44],"available":[28],"commercial":[30],"compilers.":[31],"While":[32],"structural":[33,103,156],"sensitive":[36],"which":[38],"code":[39],"structures":[40,54],"covered,":[42],"it":[43,116],"insensitive":[45],"values":[48],"variables":[51],"when":[52,98],"those":[53],"executed.":[56],"Data":[57],"approaches,":[59],"e.g.":[60],"boundary":[61,112],"value":[62],"far":[65],"less":[66],"mature.":[67],"They":[68],"known":[70],"practitioners":[72],"mostly":[73],"as":[74],"a":[75],"few":[76],"useful":[77],"heuristics":[78],"with":[79,102,117,152],"very":[80],"little":[81],"support":[82],"automation.":[84],"Because":[85],"its":[87],"sensitivity":[88],"variable":[90],"values,":[91],"data":[92,120],"has":[94],"significant":[95],"potential,":[96],"especially":[97],"used":[99,126],"combination":[101],"coverage.":[104],"This":[105],"paper":[106],"generalizes":[107],"traditional":[109],"notion":[110],"and":[114,132,158],"formalizes":[115],"two":[118],"new":[119],"measures.":[122],"These":[123],"measures":[124],"generate":[128],"test":[129,136,148],"cases":[130],"automatically":[131],"from":[133,140],"these,":[134],"sophisticated":[135],"suites":[137,149],"functions":[139],"C++":[142],"Standard":[143],"Template":[144],"Library.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"evaluated":[151],"respect":[153],"both":[155],"discovery":[159],"seeded":[161],"faults.":[162],"Copyright":[163],"\u00a9":[164],"1999":[165],"John":[166],"Wiley":[167],"&":[168],"Sons,":[169],"Ltd.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}