{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054977974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199812)4:4<209::aid-spip105>3.0.co;2-8","title":"Software process improvement in very small enterprises: does it pay off?","display_name":"Software process improvement in very small enterprises: does it pay off?","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054977974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199812)4:4<209::aid-spip105>3.0.co;2-8","mag":"2054977974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199812)4:4<209::aid-spip105>3.0.co;2-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199812)4:4<209::aid-spip105>3.0.co;2-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113160456","display_name":"Software Process Improvement and Practice","issn_l":"1077-4866","issn":["1077-4866","1099-1670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software Process: Improvement and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068743609","display_name":"Karlheinz Kautz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-8781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180519160","display_name":"Copenhagen Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04sppb023","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karlheinz Kautz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Copenhagen Business School, Institute for Informatics, Howitzvej 60, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark","Copenhagen Business School, Institute for Informatics, Howitzvej 60, DK\u20102000 Frederiksberg, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copenhagen Business School, Institute for Informatics, Howitzvej 60, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copenhagen Business School, Institute for Informatics, Howitzvej 60, DK\u20102000 Frederiksberg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068743609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180519160"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97006028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"209","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11938","display_name":"ERP Systems Implementation and Impact","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6323971748352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.5754036903381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.5588118433952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5494579076766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-software-process","display_name":"Team software process","score":0.48812851309776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4766588807106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.47269558906555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4398255944252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.43537187576293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-management","display_name":"Quality management","score":0.4173862934112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development-process","display_name":"Software development process","score":0.41291549801826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.391845166683197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.38325148820877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.37642836570739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2688252329826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.2680221199989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-system","display_name":"Management system","score":0.13133198022842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11029627919197083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6323971748352051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.5754036903381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5588118433952332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5494579076766968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51845450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421651","display_name":"Team software process","level":5,"score":0.48812851309776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4766588807106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47269558906555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4398255944252014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.43537187576293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71405471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757012","display_name":"Quality management","level":3,"score":0.4173862934112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180152950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2904257","display_name":"Software development process","level":4,"score":0.41291549801826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.391845166683197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.38325148820877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.37642836570739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2688252329826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2680221199989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198783460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629173","display_name":"Management system","level":2,"score":0.13133198022842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11029627919197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199812)4:4<209::aid-spip105>3.0.co;2-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199812)4:4<209::aid-spip105>3.0.co;2-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113160456","display_name":"Software Process Improvement and Practice","issn_l":"1077-4866","issn":["1077-4866","1099-1670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software Process: Improvement and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70065731","https://openalex.org/W126538880","https://openalex.org/W1486011575","https://openalex.org/W1492301466","https://openalex.org/W1495809818","https://openalex.org/W1497396554","https://openalex.org/W1593679036","https://openalex.org/W1937896544","https://openalex.org/W1966433245","https://openalex.org/W1967254945","https://openalex.org/W1983662267","https://openalex.org/W1991616480","https://openalex.org/W1998762708","https://openalex.org/W2016534360","https://openalex.org/W2052800465","https://openalex.org/W2058906324","https://openalex.org/W2070349483","https://openalex.org/W2073275508","https://openalex.org/W2078860536","https://openalex.org/W2085221308","https://openalex.org/W2088085571","https://openalex.org/W2106082532","https://openalex.org/W2132454116","https://openalex.org/W2135093973","https://openalex.org/W2138478239","https://openalex.org/W2152458990","https://openalex.org/W2202804972","https://openalex.org/W2314704556","https://openalex.org/W2897447509","https://openalex.org/W2914723769","https://openalex.org/W2993745113","https://openalex.org/W3022651430","https://openalex.org/W4234656583","https://openalex.org/W4235645559","https://openalex.org/W4300460767","https://openalex.org/W6606088750","https://openalex.org/W6640572664","https://openalex.org/W6641650515","https://openalex.org/W6648133593","https://openalex.org/W6669107011","https://openalex.org/W6672638435","https://openalex.org/W6675566182","https://openalex.org/W6680642438","https://openalex.org/W6687376215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4211055703","https://openalex.org/W2108773545","https://openalex.org/W2134109003","https://openalex.org/W2886008366","https://openalex.org/W983931886","https://openalex.org/W3030138702","https://openalex.org/W2147994489","https://openalex.org/W2624931379","https://openalex.org/W2510161713","https://openalex.org/W1561886615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"how":[3],"and":[4,54,64,75,115,123,134,139],"under":[5],"which":[6,27],"circumstances":[7],"software":[8,16,137],"process":[9,24],"improvement":[10,25,55],"can":[11],"be":[12],"rewarding":[13],"for":[14,73,84],"small":[15,34,62],"companies.":[17,35],"It":[18],"describes":[19],"the":[20,38,42,97,112,116,132],"course":[21],"of":[22,61,104,136],"a":[23,50,58,93,105],"project":[26,43],"was":[28],"jointly":[29],"carried":[30],"out":[31],"by":[32,71],"three":[33],"Based":[36],"on":[37],"experience":[39],"gathered":[40],"in":[41,121,126],"four":[44],"critical":[45],"success":[46],"factors":[47,108],"\u2013":[48,86],"(1)":[49],"flexible,":[51],"tailored":[52],"assessment":[53],"approach,":[56],"(2)":[57],"functioning":[59],"network":[60],"enterprises":[63],"their":[65],"environment,":[66],"(3)":[67],"external":[68,77],"technical":[69],"help":[70],"mentors":[72],"change":[74],"(4)":[76],"financial":[78],"support":[79,92],"coupled":[80],"to":[81,99,128,142],"some":[82],"conditions":[83],"performance":[85],"have":[87],"been":[88],"identified.":[89],"Together":[90],"they":[91],"fifth":[94],"factor,":[95],"namely":[96],"ability":[98],"utilize":[100],"not":[101],"anticipated":[102],"side-effects":[103],"project.":[106],"All":[107],"as":[109,111],"well":[110],"problems":[113],"experienced":[114],"lessons":[117],"learned":[118],"are":[119,124],"explained":[120],"detail":[122],"reflected":[125],"relation":[127],"current":[129],"knowledge":[130],"about":[131],"diffusion":[133],"adoption":[135],"technologies":[138],"with":[140],"regard":[141],"quality":[143],"management":[144],"techniques.":[145],"Copyright":[146],"\u00a9":[147],"1998":[148],"John":[149],"Wiley":[150],"&":[151],"Sons":[152],"Ltd":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
