{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976307376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199706)3:2<105::aid-spip70>3.0.co;2-e","title":"A fine-grained process modelling experiment at British Airways","display_name":"A fine-grained process modelling experiment at British Airways","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976307376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199706)3:2<105::aid-spip70>3.0.co;2-e","mag":"1976307376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199706)3:2<105::aid-spip70>3.0.co;2-e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199706)3:2<105::aid-spip70>3.0.co;2-e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113160456","display_name":"Software Process Improvement and Practice","issn_l":"1077-4866","issn":["1077-4866","1099-1670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software Process: Improvement and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/754/1/2.5_icsp4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000650053","display_name":"Jim Arlow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319467473","display_name":"British Airways (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/003kxr082","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319467473"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Arlow","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Airways Plc, TBE (E124), Viscount Way, Hounslow, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Airways Plc, TBE (E124), Viscount Way, Hounslow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319467473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075440381","display_name":"S. Bandinelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091170","display_name":"Euskadiko Parke Teknologikoa","ror":"https://ror.org/00caq9197","country_code":"ES","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091170"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Bandinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESI, Parque Tecnolo\u0301gico, 204, 48170 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain","ESI, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico, 204, 48170 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESI, Parque Tecnolo\u0301gico, 204, 48170 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESI, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico, 204, 48170 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109802122","display_name":"Wolfgang Emmerich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Emmerich","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University, Computer Science, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University, Computer Science, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068567905","display_name":"Luigi Lavazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-4337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Lavazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano and CEFRIEL, Via Emanueli 15, 20126 Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano and CEFRIEL, Via Emanueli 15, 20126 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109802122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2057,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90767095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"105","last_page":"131"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7464257478713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6417247653007507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5665160417556763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-modeling","display_name":"Process modeling","score":0.5392045378684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.5179007053375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slang","display_name":"Slang","score":0.49119922518730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4757413864135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.41872546076774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.280508816242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2133488655090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15260261297225952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7464257478713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6417247653007507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5665160417556763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76956256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27610560","display_name":"Process modeling","level":3,"score":0.5392045378684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.5179007053375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779901982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8102","display_name":"Slang","level":2,"score":0.49119922518730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4757413864135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.41872546076774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.280508816242218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2133488655090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15260261297225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199706)3:2<105::aid-spip70>3.0.co;2-e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1670(199706)3:2<105::aid-spip70>3.0.co;2-e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113160456","display_name":"Software Process Improvement and Practice","issn_l":"1077-4866","issn":["1077-4866","1099-1670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software Process: Improvement and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/754/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/754/1/2.5_icsp4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"    In:  UNSPECIFIED (pp. 2-12).    (1996)     ","raw_type":"Book chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.38.8597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.38.8597","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/W.Emmerich/publications/SPIP/spip.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:37325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/37325/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   Software Process: Improvement and Practice , 3  (2)   pp. 105-131.   (1997)      ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/943/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   Software Process , 3    pp. 105-131.   (1997)      ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/754/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/754/1/2.5_icsp4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"    In:  UNSPECIFIED (pp. 2-12).    (1996)     ","raw_type":"Book chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1976307376.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1976307376.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2480261505","https://openalex.org/W644199840","https://openalex.org/W4206388121","https://openalex.org/W3158356043","https://openalex.org/W1537552451","https://openalex.org/W2506693366","https://openalex.org/W2890646800","https://openalex.org/W616214282","https://openalex.org/W2350894427","https://openalex.org/W4385254154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,77,118,134],"report":[1],"on":[2,99],"the":[3,19,31,46,61,64,72,79,126,188,197,201,206,212,219,227],"experimental":[4,96],"application":[5],"of":[6,18,24,33,48,63,111,115],"process":[7,75,80,160,172,183,198],"technology":[8],"that":[9,114,121,138],"we":[10,93],"did":[11,203],"at":[12,107],"British":[13],"Airways":[14],"(BA)":[15],"as":[16,156],"part":[17],"GOODSTEP":[20,25,65],"project.":[21],"The":[22],"goal":[23],"was":[26],"to":[27,40,45,84,104,142,157,176,195],"enhance":[28],"and":[29,58,92,123,148],"improve":[30],"functionality":[32],"an":[34,95],"object":[35],"database":[36],"management":[37,90],"system":[38],"(ODBMS)":[39],"yield":[41],"a":[42,108,152],"platform":[43],"suited":[44],"construction":[47,62],"process-centred":[49],"software":[50,74],"engineering":[51],"environments":[52],"(PSEEs).":[53],"These":[54,185],"enhancements":[55],"were":[56],"exploited":[57],"validated":[59],"by":[60],"framework":[66],"for":[67,129,145,192,216],"PSEE":[68,97,207],"construction,":[69],"which":[70],"includes":[71],"SPADE":[73,124],"toolset.":[76],"used":[78],"modelling":[81,130,220],"language":[82],"SLANG":[83,122,153,171],"model":[85,154],"BA\u2019s":[86],"C++":[87],"class":[88],"library":[89],"process,":[91],"constructed":[94],"based":[98],"SPADE.":[100],"BA":[101,217],"required":[102],"processes":[103,147],"be":[105],"automated":[106],"finer":[109],"degree":[110],"granularity":[112],"than":[113],"tool":[116],"invocation.":[117],"have":[119,135],"demonstrated":[120],"offer":[125],"basic":[127],"mechanisms":[128],"these":[131],"fine-grained":[132,159],"processes.":[133],"also":[136],"shown":[137],"it":[139],"is":[140],"feasible":[141],"generate":[143],"tools":[144],"dedicated":[146],"integrate":[149],"them":[150],"within":[151],"so":[155],"facilitate":[158],"automation.":[161],"However,":[162],"our":[163],"experience":[164],"highlighted":[165],"some":[166],"open":[167],"problems.":[168],"For":[169],"instance,":[170],"models":[173],"are":[174,186],"tuned":[175],"efficient":[177],"enactment,":[178],"thus":[179],"containing":[180],"very":[181],"detailed":[182],"fragments.":[184],"not":[187,204],"most":[189],"appropriate":[190],"representations":[191],"humans":[193],"trying":[194],"understand":[196],"model.":[199],"Although":[200],"airline":[202],"deploy":[205],"in":[208,226],"its":[209],"production":[210],"environment,":[211],"experiment":[213],"proved":[214],"beneficial":[215],"because":[218],"activity":[221],"itself":[222],"uncovered":[223],"serious":[224],"flaws":[225],"existing":[228],"process.":[229],"\u00a9":[230],"1997":[231],"John":[232],"Wiley":[233],"&":[234],"Sons,":[235],"Ltd.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}